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CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION

CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION. Cells: Wear out after some time Get damaged Grow old naturally and die Therefore organisms need to produce new cells to : replace those cells that are worn out, damaged or dead Perpetuate their own species either by asexual or sexual reproduction.

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CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION

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  1. CHAPTER 5: CELL DIVISION

  2. Tr.Rez@SB2013

  3. Cells: • Wear out after some time • Get damaged • Grow old naturally and die • Therefore organisms need to produce new cells to : • replace those cells that are worn out, damaged or dead • Perpetuate their own species either by asexual or sexual reproduction Why produce new cells? Tr.Rez@SB2013

  4. Two types of cell division: • Mitosis • Meiosis Types of cells division Tr.Rez@SB2013

  5. Reasons Cell division Significance Repair of tissues: Identical new cells to replace worn out or damaged cells. Skin cells and cells lining gut constantly die and are replaced • Cells wear out • Cells get damaged • Cells grow old and die Cell divide (by mitosis) to supply new daughter cells that are identical to parents cells Organisms grow Growth : More cells for growth Need more cells for reproduction Asexual reproduction:Binary fission Budding Vegetative reproduction Mitosis Tr.Rez@SB2013

  6. Mitosis produced new cells that genetically identical to their parents to: • Continue with the specific cell functions of their parent cells within a particular tissue • Avoid disrupting the stable internal environment of life or its processes • Produce offspring that have complete functions of an adult organism to ensure the survival of that species Mitosis Tr.Rez@SB2013

  7. G1 Prophase Interphase S Metaphase G2 Cell cycle Mitosis Anaphase Organization of phases and subphases in a cell cycle M Phase Telophase Cytokinesis Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  12. EFFECTS OF UNCONTROLLED MITOSIS IN LIVING THING

  13. Mutation : the change in the DNA structure of the cell • Lead to uncontrolled mitosis – tumors • Tumors : • Have no function • Interfere with the normal activity of surrounding cells • Two types : • Benign tumors • Malignant tumors Mutation Tr.Rez@SB2013

  14. Inactive, relatively harmless • Remain at its original site & do not spread to other parts of the body • Some may progress to become cancerous tumors if left untreated • Usually treated by surgery, radiation, chemotherapy Benign tumors Tr.Rez@SB2013

  15. Benign Tumors Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  17. Malignant tumors Tr.Rez@SB2013

  18. APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON MITOSIS IN CLONING

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  20. Tissue Culture Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  22. Callus Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  24. Embryo cloning

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  28. Somatic Cell Cloning

  29. Dolly Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  31. MEIOSIS

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  36. Diploid (2n=6) offspring Diploid (2n=6) Male parent Haploid (n = 3) sperm Embryo (2n) Diploid zygote (2n = 6) Diploid (2n=6) Female parent Haploid (n = 3) egg Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  40. Autosomes & Sex Chromosomes

  41. Two types of chromosomes: • Autosomes • Sex chromosomes Chromosomes Tr.Rez@SB2013

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  44. Caused by: • Improper separation of the chromosomes • Non-disjunction Down’s Syndrome Tr.Rez@SB2013

  45. Down’s Syndrome Tr.Rez@SB2013

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