Chapter 11

1. Chapter 11 Introduction to Atoms

2. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory • I.Development of the Atomic Theory • A. Atom- the smallest particle into which • an element can be divided and still be • the same substance. • 1.Atoms make up elements. • 2.Elements make up compounds. • 3.Atoms make up all matter, and are called the “building blocks of matter”. What’s bigger? A cell or an atom? (http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/powersof10/index.htm

3. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory B.Democritus, Greek philosopher around 440 B.C. 1.If you kept cutting a coin in ½ you would eventually end up with an very tiny, uncuttable piece, this he called an atom. Meaning indivisible. 2.Atom- from the Greek word atomos 3.Atoms are always moving and join together to form different materials. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://periodictable.com/pages/pix/democritus.gif&imgrefurl=http://periodictable.com/pages/AAE_Democritus.html&h=326&w=268&sz=55&tbnid=jUyFAQFkreYJ:&tbnh=113&tbnw=93&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddemocritus%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG Random vocab - propose

4. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory 4.Aristotle, 380 B.C., disagreed and because of his influence Democritus’ ideas were ignored. Ode to the ODG ( to the tune of the wakishika canoers we travel on the lake) Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone

5. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory C.Dalton, British school teacher in 1803 A.D. • 1.Dalton’s Atomic Theory • a.All substance are made of atoms • b.Atoms cannot be created, divided, • destroyed • c.Atoms of the same element are • exactly alike • d.Atoms of different elements are • different. • e.Atoms join with atoms to make • substances. 2. Dalton’s theory was not totally correct. http://www.poolndarts.com/images/misc/35.jpg

6. Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone Dalton was a teacher who did science on the side. he discovered rules for atoms, some of which we still abide. *

7. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory D. J.J. Thomson, British scientist in 1897. 1.Discovered small particles inside the atom. 2.Cathode-Ray tube experiments a.Some part of the atom was attracted to a positive plate so the unknown particle had to have a negative charge. b.Thompson called these corpuscles, today we call them electrons – negatively charged particles found in all atoms. Random vocab- illustrate J.J Thomson movie

8. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory 3.Model- a representation of an object or system. A picture of what a theory explains. a. plum-pudding model b. chocolate-chip-ice-cream model Plum pudding model for the atom Blueberry muffin Plum pudding http://members.tripod.com/craigjm/Atom4.jpg http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/FDS/FDS101/Blueberry-Muffin-Single.jpg http://www.zarbo.co.nz/products/Christmas/christmas%20pudding%20lg.jpg

9. Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone Dalton was a teacher who did science on the side. he discovered rules for atoms, some of which we still abide. * Thomson found electrons, like plums in the pudding. and for this negativity the Nobel prize he’d win. *

10. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory E. Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment • 1. Atom may not be just a soft “blob” of • material • 2. New Atomic Model (1911) • a.Nucleus- dense, positively charged • central region of an atom. • b.Draw a Rutherford Atom Gold foil experiment-Video http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/006_RUTHERFORD.MOV Add”l Rutherford movie

11. Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone Dalton was a teacher who did science on the side. he discovered rules for atoms, some of which we still abide. * Thomson found electrons, like plums in the pudding. and for this negativity the Nobel prize he’d win. * Rutheford’s experiments shot charges at gold foil. he discovered then, the nucleus, for all his work and toil.*

12. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory F. Bohr’s Model of the Atom • 1.Electrons travel around the nucleus in definite paths. • 2.Electrons are located in specific levels that are a certain distance from the nucleus. • 3.Electrons can jump from one level to the next and back • 4.Rungs of a ladder analogy. http://members.aol.com/profchm/bohr.gif

13. http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Global/B/BBC8A015-019C-4D01-A31B-4E440BB822B3/0/chp_ruthbohr1.jpghttp://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Global/B/BBC8A015-019C-4D01-A31B-4E440BB822B3/0/chp_ruthbohr1.jpg www.shodor.org/.../ compchem/slides/slide23.html Bohr model video

14. Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone Dalton was a teacher who did science on the side. he discovered rules for atoms, some of which we still abide. * Thomson found electrons, like plums in the pudding. and for this negativity the Nobel prize he’d win. * Rutheford’s experiments shot charges at gold foil. he discovered then, the nucleus, for all his work and toil.* Neils Bohr discovered that electrons all had paths. and the energy the electron had determines where its at.* There are a couple dead guys who are not on the test. They discovered protons and neutrons in the nucleus*

15. Section 1–Development of the Atomic Theory G. Schrödinger and Heisenberg • 1.electron clouds- regions around a • nucleus that an electron is likely to be • found in. • (6 box poster designed by students showing name, model and how it changed from previous model)

16. http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/images/electron_clouds/o320a.gifhttp://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/images/electron_clouds/o320a.gif http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v8n2/images/hennig_fig12.jpg Electron cloud model video

17. Ode to the ODG( to the tune of the folk song “Sarasponda”) Democritus’s atom – smallest piece could not be cut. And each atom was different, like Lucky charms that I eat up. * The atom- It’s history is long. But without these old dead guys the chemistry is gone Dalton was a teacher who did science on the side. he discovered rules for atoms, some of which we still abide. * Thomson found electrons, like plums in the pudding. and for this negativity the Nobel prize he’d win. * Rutheford’s experiments shot charges at gold foil. he discovered then, the nucleus, for all his work and toil.* Neils Bohr discovered that electrons all had paths. and the energy the electron had determines where its at.* There are a couple dead guys who are not on the test. They discovered protons and neutrons in the nucleus* Then we come to Schroedinger the modern theory, now. The Electrons now are located in a probability cloud. *