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Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds. Ionic vs Covalent Bonds. Covalent Bonds. The bond that forms from the sharing of valence electrons. naming. Name first element Name the second element and add –ide Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule

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Covalent Bonds

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  1. Covalent Bonds

  2. Ionic vs Covalent Bonds

  3. Covalent Bonds • The bond that forms from the sharing of valence electrons

  4. naming • Name first element • Name the second element and add –ide • Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule • Exception…if there is only one of the first atom, mono is left out!

  5. For example…

  6. Write the formula • Antimony tribromide • Hexaboronmonosilicide • Chlorine dioxide • Hydrogen monoiodide • Iodine pentafluoride • Dinitrogen trioxide • Phosphorus triiodide SbBr3 B6Si ClO2 HI IF5 N2O3 PI3

  7. FYI… • Ammonia – NH3 • Water - H2O • Methane - CH4

  8. Lewis Structures

  9. Lewis Structures • Electron dot notation is used to shown how electrons are shared • Molecules are formed • Each molecule has 8 valence electrons • Except Hydrogen!

  10. Lewis Structure of Water Each line represents the sharing of 2 electrons

  11. Lewis Structures Lone Pair

  12. Draw the Lewis structure • PH3 • H2S • HCl • CCl4 • SiH4

  13. Draw the following… • H2 • HF • F2

  14. Sigma Bonds • Single Bonds • Symbol : σ

  15. Pi bonds

  16. Multiple Bonds • Draw O3

  17. Multiple Bonds • Draw O2

  18. Try These… • N2 • C2H2 • CO2

  19. Exceptions to the Octet • Xe,Si, P, S, Cl, Br, and I • Sometimes have more than 8 electrons • PF5 • Be and B often only have 6 electrons • BeCl3

  20. Draw C2H4 • Label all bonds as sigma or pi

  21. Free Radicles • A single electron, not paired

  22. Bond strength • As the number of shared electrons increases, bond length decreases • Breaking the bond of a short bond is larger than a long bond

  23. Review • What is an ionic bond and how does it differ from a covalent bond? • What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond? • Predict the bond energy of each of the bonds in CH2.

  24. Resonance structures nitrate ion CHO2-1 O3

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