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Technology development and concepts Ulf Högman

Technology development and concepts Ulf Högman. Structure of presentation. Discussion regarding technology and its development Examples from VAC on technology development in practice Experience from applying a normative stage-gate model to technology development.

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Technology development and concepts Ulf Högman

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  1. Technology development and conceptsUlf Högman

  2. Structure of presentation • Discussion regarding technology and its development • Examples from VAC on technology development in practice • Experience from applying a normative stage-gate model to technology development Flygteknik 2010

  3. The relation between innovation and technology ”Innovations are the outcome of the innovation process, which can be defined as the combined activities leading to new, marketable products and services and/or new production and delivery systems.” ”Technology refers to the theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and artefacts that can be used to develop products and services as well as their production and delivery systems. Technology can be embodied in people, materials, cognitive and physical processes, plant, equipment, and tools.” (Burgelman, R.A., et.al., ”Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation”, 2004, Ed.4, pg.4) Flygteknik 2010

  4. Technology Development Basic Research Applied Research Pre-development Product / Process development Production & Aftermarket Technology development (Adapted from Martin Karlsson, 2004) (From Wheelwright and Clark, 1992, and Aalto et al, 2003) Flygteknik 2010

  5. Examples of models and perspectives from Engineering Design Generic product development process (from Ulrich and Eppinger, 2000) Function-means tree (from Svendsen and Hansen, 1993) Domains in Axiomatic design (Suh, 1990). Notice the zigzagging Flygteknik 2010

  6. Craft Animations Volvo 3P SKF Bentech Mälardalens Högskola Volvo Powertrain Q-Sense Ericsson1 Volvo Trucks Autoliv Cellartis ProLiff Ericsson2 Volvo Penta VAC3 Talkback Design Climatewell VAC4 Haldex VAC2 Volvo Construction VAC1 Nobel Biocare Maquet Ø 9.8 • RQ1: What is the time duration of the R&D process for different innovations and companies in differentiating industries? Total lead time [years] from idea to product Flygteknik 2010

  7. Volvo 3P 0.3 3.3 Bentech 1.0 4.0 Autoliv 3.0 7.0 ProLiff 3.0 7.5 Ericsson 2 2.0 8.0 VAC 3 2.3 8.3 Climatewell 1.0 9.5 VAC 2 2.0 15.0 Volvo Construction 5.0 18.0 Nobel Biocare 10.5 20.5 Ø 10 From start to TRL 3 From TRL4 to TRL 6 From TRL7 to TRL8 • RQ1: What is the time duration of the R&D process for different innovations and companies in differentiating industries? Lead time of different developmentstages Lead-time [years] for the software cases Lead-time [years] for the hardware cases Flygteknik 2010

  8. Systems Engineering at NASANASA Systems Engineering Handbook, SP-2007-610S, p.296 Architectural studies System design Require-ments Concepts TRL/AD² assessment TRL = Technology Readiness Level AD² = Advancement Degree of Difficulty assessment Technology maturation ”It is impossible to understand the magnitude and scope of a development program without having a clear understanding of the baseline technological maturity of all elements of the system.” Flygteknik 2010

  9. Case: Sandwich in rocket engine nozzles Behovet 1996: “Hitta en lösningförattreduceratillverknings-kostnadenförmunstycken med 50%, utanattför den skull försämraproduktegenskaperna.” Flygteknik 2010

  10. Case: Sandwich in rocket engine nozzles Engine1 (Vinci, Snecma, F) Engine2 (RL60, P&W, USA) Engine3 (Vulcain 2+, Snecma, USA) Conceptstudies • New technologies: • Laser welding • New technologies: • Material • Real time X-ray • Automated joint follower • NDT inspection of all welds • Bell forming • Regen A/T codedevelopment • … • New technologies: • Material (Ni.base) • Thinwallmilling • Deep channelmilling • Largerscale • Weld simulation tools • Metal Deposition • … Prototypedemonstration in relevant environment Ready for PD implementation = TRL 6 Breadboardvalidationin relevant environment Breadboardvalidationin laboratoryenvironment Analytical/experimentalproof-of-concept Market need and technology selection 1995 1996 1997 1998 2002 2009

  11. The technology tree Vision Need ! Concepts Resulting technology trees Time Flygteknik 2010

  12. The Spiral Model From ”A spiral model of software development and enhancement” , Barry W. Boehm, 1988 Flygteknik 2010

  13. How to manage uncertainty? • Ways to cope with uncertainty: • Technology and product roadmapping • Product and technology platforms • Managed transititions across R&D phases • Implementing R&D as process • Using early prototypes, testing • Freezing the design late • Enhancing flexibility • Increasing design cycles • Increasing communication Technology uncertainty increases (From Kähkönen et al., 2006, based on project categorization of Wheelwright and Clark, 1992) Flygteknik 2010

  14. Synchronizing technology and product development at VAC • Dedicatedstage-gatemodel for productdevelopment. • Dedicatedstage-gatemodel for technology developmentbased on the NASA TRL scale. • In operation the twomodelsoverlap. Rule of thumb to havereached TRL 6 prior to entryinto ”Preliminary Design” in productdevelopment. Flygteknik 2010

  15. TRL review at Gate X In principle the same questions are asked at all gates but… … quality and detail in the answer is expected to increase for every step. Flygteknik 2010

  16. Follow individual technologies based on the TRL scale • The list of needed new technologies change over time with regard to • Whattechnologies to pursue • TRL-status per technology • The model is usedrecursively to buildthe technology tree. Flygteknik 2010

  17. Some experience from use so far • In general, the projectshavebeenquitesatisfied with the model, eventhoughimprovementscan be made. • Advantages • Achievedresults and challengesexplicitly expressed and adjustments to meetproduct/process plans can be madepro-actively. • Clear structure makes it possible to better link to overall strategies and adapt to changing circumstances. • Disadvantages • Risk of burdening projects with too much administration. A reasonable balance has to be found. Flygteknik 2010

  18. Thank You for your attention and welcome to Flygteknik 2010

  19. Technology Readiness Levels From ”Technology Readiness Levels”, John C. Mankins, 1995, Advanced Concepts Office, Office of Space Access and Technology, NASA, a white paper Subject

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