ARSON

1. ARSON

2. Objectives: discover what arson is and how it is investigated. Do Now: What is arson? Fill out the video questions. We will finish tomorrow. Closure: What causes a back draft?

3. Objectives: discover what arson is and how it is investigated. Do Now: What is the point of origin? Fill out the video questions and hand them in. Complete the Case study on the “Serial Arsonist” and hand it in. Closure: Why is it so hard to catch an arsonist?

4. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson Do Now: Name at least one of the three things fire needs in order to continue burning.

5. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson • Fire • Produced when a substance undergoes rapid oxidation involving heat and light • Arson • The deliberate or purposeful act of starting or accelerating a fire

6. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson In 2010, 384,000 fires occurred in homes in the United States Most victims die from smoke or toxic gases and not from burns Smoking is the leading cause of fire related deaths Cooking is the major cause of house fires

7. FUEL HEAT OXYGEN Fuel + Oxygen + Heat = Fire Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson The Fire Triangle represents the three elements needed for fire to occur: heat, fuel, and oxygen.

8. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson Fuel Fuel can be any combustible (substance that easily catches fire) material in any state of matter - solid, liquid, or gas.  Most solids and liquids become a vapor or gas before they will burn.  Examples: Clothing, furniture, curtains, flammable liquids

9. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson Oxygen The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen.  Fire requires an atmosphere with at least 16% oxygen. 

10. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition (spark that starts the fire) to occur.  Examples: Stoves, heating appliances, fireplaces, damaged wiring

11. Objectives: Identify the Mechanism for Arson Complete the “Tools Used in Arson Investigation” handout and hand it in. However, you may need your handout for the closure. Closure: Explain how Photo ionization detectors work. (You may need your handout.)

12. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Do Now: Explain how dogs can be used when investigating fires. Take out your Arson notes!

13. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Role of Fire Investigator: • Is the scene safe? • Evacuate the scene • Protective clothing • Turn off gas and electricity • Interview witnesses • Suspicious activity • Color of fire or smoke • Video and photographs

14. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • Work from the least damaged areas to the most heavily damaged areas. • Document with notes, photographs, and videos. • Examine doors, windows to see whether or not they were locked during the fire

15. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Collect evidence (accelerant samples, fire items, and other crime scene evidence.) Determine the point of origin. Establish point of origin – the area where the fire started will tend to burn for a longer period of time and have the worst damage Determine the heat source(s). Hypothesize the reasons for the fire.

16. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a Federal Agency responsible for: administering and enforcing the criminal and regulatory Federal laws pertaining to destructive devices (bombs), explosives, and arson. studies science and technology related to detecting explosives, effects of explosives, behavior of explosives and explosive devices

17. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • Point of Origin • Burn patterns and other damage can help determine the point of origin, or the location where the fire started. • Char Patterns • Created by very hot fires that burn very quickly and move fast along its path, so that there can be sharp lines between what is burned and what isn't. • A char pattern on a door would help an investigator determine which side of the door the fire was on. • A char pattern on the floor would help investigators determine the use of an accelerant and its path.

18. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • V-Patterns - Fire burns up, in a V-shaped pattern, so a fire that starts at an outlet against a wall leaves a char pattern that points to the origin. • A very narrow V-shape might indicate a fire that was hotter than normal, such as one helped along by an accelerant. • A wide V-shape might indicate a fire that was slow burning. • A U-shape could indicate that there was a "pool of origin" rather than a point of origin, such as might be caused by, say, a puddle of gasoline.

19. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • Heat Shadows- Occur when heavy furniture shields part of a wall; can help determine the origin point. • Glass- Glass fragments, windows, and light bulbs can provide clues to a fire. • Light bulbs tend to melt toward the heat source, so the "direction of melt" can indicate the direction of the fire. • The shattered or cracked glass of the windows can provide indications as to how a fire burned. • A dark soot layer on the glass could indicate a slow, smoldering fire. • Clear glass with an abnormal pattern of cracking could imply a very hot fire, possibly due to an accelerant.

20. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Chimney Effect– Since fire burns upwards, there can be a "chimney effect" where the fire ignites at a point, the superheated gases rise upward and form a fireball, which continues straight up to burn a hole in the ceiling. If the roof is not entirely burnt, and the fire investigator finds such a hole, the origin of the fire could be directly underneath.

21. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Color of smoke – Determine what type material was burning  Color of flames– Indicates at what temperature and chemicals were burning during the fire. Example: red/orange/yellow flame – carbon was present, inorganic substances vary in color.

22. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • Accidental Nature of Fires • Heating System • Electrical appliances • Lightning • Children playing with matches • Smoking

23. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol • Non-Accident • Odors – Gas, kerosene, or other accelerants • Furnishing – Removal of personal objects and valuables • Clothing – Check debris for buttons, zippers, etc. • Locked windows, blocked doors • Two or more points of origin • Look for inverted v-patterns (can be a sign that an accelerant was used) • Floors charred –Can indicate use of an accelerant • Trailers that lead the fire from one place to another

24. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Motives For Arson • Crime concealment: To conceal another crime such as murder, burglary, or vehicle. • Revenge or spite: To get back at someone for a perceived injustice. • Monetary Gain: Arson-for-Profit fires are set to burn a building, vehicle, or some other object in order to gain profit from the fire. The profit may come in several forms; from insurance coverage on the property, or from putting a competitor out of business • Malicious Vandalism: Fire set to someone’s property, just to destroy it. Malicious vandalism fires account for the largest percentage of arson fires. These fires are frequently set by juveniles. • Mentally Disturbed: Some persons have been found to have an irresistible impulse to set fires. – Pyromaniac

25. Objectives: Identify Fire Investigation Protocol Complete the Case Study on serial arsonists and hand in. Complete Test Corrections and hand in. Closure: Describe two reasons why someone might commit arson.

26. Objective: you will be able to identify the characteristics of a flame A candle flame has three main zones. They are: Outer zone Middle zone Inner zone In the outer zone complete combustion of the fuel takes place The color of the flame is blue and is the hottest part of the flame. It is the non luminous part of the flame.

27. Objective: you will be able to identify the characteristics of a flame In the middle zone partial combustion of the fuel takes place the color of the flame is yellow is moderately hot part of the flame. it is the luminous part of the flame. In the inner zone Un-burned vapors of the fuel the color is black is least hot part.

28. Structure of a Candle Flame Outer zone (blue) Non luminous zone Hottest part (Complete combustion) Middle zone (yellow Luminous Zone Moderately hot (Partial combustion) Least hot Inner zone (black) Unburned wax vapors