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Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo

Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo. A French initiative Pascal COQUIN. AGPM 23-25, avenue de Neuilly 75116 PARIS, France. The A.G.P.M. : French Corn Growers Association. The maize organisation since 1934  150 000 maize growers

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Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo

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  1. Managing the co-existence of conventional and genetically modified maize from field to silo A French initiative Pascal COQUIN AGPM23-25, avenue de Neuilly75116 PARIS, France

  2. The A.G.P.M. : French Corn Growers Association • The maize organisation since 1934 •  150 000 maize growers • Maize in France : 1,5 million ha of grain maize 1,4 million ha of silage maize 25 000 ha of sweet corn 48 000 ha of seed maize 2 main missions  An economic mission and trade-union  A lobbying mission at national and international levels

  3. A.G.P.M. position on the G.M. maize  Maize growers must have the possibility to get all the production inputs adapted to their farm, the way of production and the markets they choosed : conventional, organic or G.M..  The G.M. technology is subordinated to precise and rigorous authorization ’s procedures conducted by scientific, lawful and political authorities  on the G.M. event by the E.F.S.A. and the national food safety agencies  on the G.M. varieties by the national Agencies in charge of the variety registration

  4. A.G.P.M. position on the G.M. maize The G.M. varieties have assets : - on a technical view  development of European Corn Borer + Stem Corn Borer  News pests (Corn Root worm)  problem of mycotoxins - on a environmental view  reduced and reasoned use of the plant protection products - on an economic view  protection of the yield  better competitivity  real markets for G.M. maize

  5. Brief regulatory situation  European level : one of the most strong regulation in the World  release into the environment,  traceability,  labelling,  post market control. By directive 2001/18 following 90/220 Regulations 1829/2003, 1830/2003, 65/2004, 641/2004 3 GM maize events authorised for culture 5 GM maize events authorised only for import and consumption

  6. Brief regulatory situation  French level : - authorisation to grow the 3 GM maize events … in authorised varieties - coexistence rules : not yet at official level …but professional rules are used

  7. Bt maize production in France Background • 1997 - 1998 :15 Bt maize varieties authorised in France • 1998 :between 1 800 and 3 000 ha cultivated • 1999  2004 : - No commercial production, no market - Few studies on co-existence and benefits - EU rules (0,9 % for labelling) - P.O.E.C.B. : defining professional rules

  8. Operational Programme for Evaluation of Biotechnology Crops (POECB) 2002 – 2004 Results

  9. Project background • an experiment to examine traceability of GM maize crops under controlled natural conditions from field to silo Result: an analysis of the conditions governing co-existence between conventional and GM maize based on the specificity of each crop • a programme conducted by a Scientific Committee made up of experts from research and industrial organisations

  10. Three programme objectives : • Feasability study of coexistence between conventional and GM maize crops in real field conditions • thematic “pollen dispersal” • thematic “traceability” • Analysing benefits of maize tolerant to ECB and sesamia (Bt technology) and providing platforms for biovigilance studies • thematic “biovigilance” • Obtaining operational scientific information on crop traceability and economics from field to storage • thematic “co-existence management”

  11. POECB : A three-year experiment • Identical crop configuration: 0,5 to 2,5 ha of Bt maize surrounded by isogenic maize • Worst-case scenario conditions to obtain maximum cross-fertilization • Bt maize and conventional maize are isogenic • Synchronous pollen emission • Conventional maize is sowed downwind of the Bt emitter crop

  12. Conventional maize 100 m =0.5% GM DNA <0.1% GM DNA Bt maize 200 m <0.1% GM DNA < 0.1% GM DNA Conventional maize < 0.1% GM DNA <0.1% GM DNA = 0.2% GM DNA 200 m 200 m 100 m Bt maize = 0.15% GM DNA < 0.1% GM DNA 200 m Results at the field level (case of representative plots) Prevailing wind direction Cross-pollination levels in the conventional field identical in size to the Bt plot, and sowed downwind, are less than 0.9 %. LQ = 0.1% LD = 0.01%

  13. Traceability from field to storage • Setting up a Quality Management System with traceability procedures at each step of the maize chain • sowing • harvest • transport • drying • storage • A controlled harvest Harvest is planned after sampling analysis to measure the cross pollination rate, Checks on maize harvester, trucks and transport • Drying and storage PCR analysis of maize batches

  14. From seed … to feed industry How to ensure traceability? Analysis and controls along the maize chain to better identify contamination, … Transport/storage Feed industry Sowing Pre-harvest Transport Harvest Flowering Dryer Seed purity analysis and seed drill checkl Pollen dispersal evaluation Sampling strategy & PCR analysis for harvest plan Harvester check Trailers control procedures Control procedures & PCR analysis Trailers control procedures Control procedures … to control critical factors and ensure traceability

  15. Trials designed to assist the maize sector Gathering scientific data

  16. From POECB … to PACB • 16 maize producers • 100 ha of Bt maize • 7 regions in France • GM plots from 1 to 25 ha • Utilisation of the scientific information gathered by POECB with a Good Practice Guide for GMO cropping, safeguarding the specificity of each type of production.

  17. Co-existence guidelines Dissemination of technological information • Information • Buffer zone (10 m border strip) • Cleaning of equipment • Quality Management System

  18. A basis for co-existence legislation in France Professional standard guidelines

  19. Benefit n°1 : yield protection Grain maize production concerned Economical risk : larvae number > 0,8/plt Between 300 000 to 700 000 ha

  20. Benefit n°1 : yield protection Economical interest for the farmer • Yield protection level (on average) : 7 % = 70 € • Cost of an insecticide treatment : 50 € • Cost of the technology : 40 to 50 € • Level of efficiency : • Insecticide = 75 % • Bt ~ 100 %

  21. Benefit n°1 : yield protection Average situation * Price basis : 100 €/t 1<Larvae number/plt<2

  22. (ppb) Benefit n°2 : grain quality 3 examples (2005)

  23. Bt maize Isogenic spraid Isogenic 180 160 140 Spraying 9/07 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 3-juil 5-juin 2-oct 10-juil 17-juil 24-juil 31-juil 7-août 12-juin 19-juin 26-juin 4-sept 14-août 21-août 28-août 11-sept 18-sept 25-sept Dates Arvalis, 2002 Benefit 3 : Reduce the impact on environment Non-targeted insects population evolution

  24. Tomorrow :crop perspectives • 2006 vs 2005 : Bt maize development confirmation within the European Union : - Czech Republic  1 200 ha (x 5), - Germany  1 000 ha (x 4), - France  5 200 ha (x 10), - Portugal  1 250 ha (+ 50 %), - Spain  65 000 ha (+ 25 %), • 2007 and after : increase of Bt maize area based on 2006 technical results

  25. Thank you for your attention

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