Yellow Birch

1. Yellow Birch • A medium size tree to 75 feet with an irregular crown • peeling horizontally in thin, curly, papery strips; older trees develop red-brown scaly plates.

2. Alternate, simple, ovate, 4 to 6 inches long, pinnately-veined, acute tip, rounded base, doubly serrate margins, somewhat soft or fuzzy, dark green above and paler below.

3. Butternut • The leaves of Butternut are alternate and pinnately compound, and emerge later in spring than most other trees. As compared to the more common Black Walnut, the leaves of Butternut are generally longer but have fewer leaflets (from 9 to19 leaflets), and the terminal leaflet is usually present (left side of image at left, with a leaf of Black Walnut on the right side). • petioles are covered with sticky hairs

4. The bark of Butternut is light gray and almost smooth when young, but fissures into distinctly flat-topped ridges that are a shiny silvery color. The alternative name of White Walnut derives from the reflective ridges of the mature bark.

5. Catalpa • A medium sized tree to 80 feet with spreading, crooked branches and an irregular crown. The bole may be straight but is generally crooked. • Bark: Gray to reddish brown, separated into irregular shallow fissures and scaly ridges

6. Whorled (or opposite, when whorled one of the three leaves is often smaller), cordate, 5 to 12 inches long, pinnately veined, entire margins, overall soft and flexible feeling, light green to green above and soft pubescence on the underside.

7. Black Cherry • Leaves: Alternate, simple, 2 to 5 inches long, oblong to lance-shaped, finely serrated • Bark: Smooth with numerous short, narrow, horizontal lenticels when young; becomes very dark (nearly black), breaking up into small, rough, irregular, upturned plates (burnt corn flakes), when older.

8. American Chestnut • Leaves: Alternate, simple, oblong to lanceolate, 5 to 8 inches long, pinnately veined, sharply and coarsely serrated with each serration bearing a bristle tip

9. Smooth and chestnut-brown in color when young, later shallowly fissured into flat ridges, older trees develop distinctive large, interlacing ridges and furrows

10. Chinese Chestnut • Alternate, simple, pinnately veined, oblong, 5 to 8 inches long, coarsely serrated (but not as strongly toothed as American chestnut),

11. A small tree with low branching and a rounded crown, reaching up to 40 feet tall. • Bark: Gray-brown to brown, furrowed, but without distinguishable patterns.

12. Crab Apple • Leaves small and rounded, with a heart-shaped or rounded base. Leaf edges finely toothed, smooth and hairless • A small tree, 6 to 14 feet (2-4 meters) in height, which can form small thickets when planted close together.

13. Cucumber • Cucumbertree has large, alternate, medium green leaves that are ovate with wavy margins. • being about 10 inches long and 5 inches wide

14. The young bark of Cucumbertree is smooth and gray like most Magnolias, but the mature gray bark is deeply furrowed with tall but flattened ridges. • Flowers are interesting upon close inspection, and give rise to immature fruits in early summer that bear a resemblance to small cucumbers. By late summer and early autumn, the remaining fruits mature to a pink-red or purplish color.

15. Flowering Dogwood • a small deciduous tree grows to about 30' tall with an equal or greater spread • opposite, simple leaves • oval to ovate shape • leaves 3" to 6" long • leaves 1.5' to 3" wide • leaf color is medium green

16. flower buds large and flattened • twigs reddish purple • alligator-like bark on large branches • horizontal branching • white flowers comprised of 4 bracts in May

17. Douglas Fir • The needles are soft, flattened, slightly pointed, 1 to 1-1/2inches long and grow around the branch to give it a full, rounded appearance.  They are grooved on the upper surface, and have a white band on each side of a prominent midrib beneath. • The tree has dense and compact foliage, holds its branches well to the ground.  It grows 40 to 60 feet high.

18. The cones of the Douglas fir are distinct, 1-1/2 to 4 inches long.  Protruding from beneath the thin rounded scales is a conspicuous, three-pointed bract. • On older trees the reddish brown bark is broken into oblong, longitudinal plates and may be 10 to 12 inches thick.  On young and smaller trees, the bark is thin, ashy gray and may have resin blisters.

19. Elderberry • The leaves are compound, oppositely arranged, and deciduous. The pinnately and bipinnately compound leaves are 5" to 9" in total length with 5 to 11 leaflets. Each leaflet can be 1½" to 6" long and ¾" to 2¼" wide. The elliptical or lance shaped leaves usually have dark green upper surfaces with short hairs on the midrib. • a shrub to small tree that reaches heights of 12' to 20'

21. American Elm • Bark: Dark, ashy gray, flat-topped ridges separated by diamond-shaped fissures • Alternate, simple, ovate to oblong, 3 to 5 inches long, 1 to 3 inches wide, margin coarsely and sharply doubly serrate, base conspicuously inequilateral

22. In the open, the trunk is usually divided into several large, ascending and arching limbs, ending in a maze of graceful drooping branchlets.

23. Slippery Elm • Like American Elm, the alternate leaves of Slippery Elm have asymmetrical bases, doubly serrated margins, and prominent veins that run straight out to the edge of the leaf. • Slippery Elm has leaves that are usually larger and wider as compared to the more common American Elm. Leaves are broadly elliptical to ovate, and are sandpapery rough on both the upper and lower leaf surfaces

24. The bark of Slippery Elm develops flattened ridges with intervening furrows, having a light gray-brown coloration. Ridges are straight on both younger and mature bark, and rarely interlace. Slippery Elm has the same basic vase shape as American Elm, but often branches higher and with fewer large branches. Its branchlets also remain ascending or somewhat horizontal, and usually do not weep back to the ground, as in American Elm.