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Evolution of I.C. EGNINES AS AUTOMOTIVE PRIME MOVERS

Evolution of I.C. EGNINES AS AUTOMOTIVE PRIME MOVERS. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department. Internal Combustion is an Essential Quality of an Artificial Horse ..…. Air-Standard Diesel cycle. Process 1  2 Isentropic compression

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Evolution of I.C. EGNINES AS AUTOMOTIVE PRIME MOVERS

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  1. Evolution of I.C. EGNINES AS AUTOMOTIVE PRIME MOVERS P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Internal Combustion is an Essential Quality of an Artificial Horse ..…

  2. Air-Standard Diesel cycle Process 1 2 Isentropic compression Process 2  3 Constant pressure heat addition Process 3  4 Isentropic expansion Process 4  1 Constant volume heat rejection Qin Cut-off ratio: Qout TC BC v2 TC v1 BC

  3. Thermal Efficiency of CI Engines rc=1 rc=2 rc=3 Typical CI Engines 15 < r < 20 When rc (= v3/v2)1 the Diesel cycle efficiency approaches the efficiency of the Otto cycle

  4. Coal dust injection system of Rudolph Diesel. AIR INJ ECTION : (After U.S. patent No. 54286 of 1895.) Hopper Injection valve Rotary valve Diesel developed an engine that was more than seven times more efficient than the (100 years evolved steam engine). Orifice Compressed air tank Combustion chamber • The engine operated at 26.2% efficiency, a very significant improvement on the 20% achieved by the best gasoline engines of the time.

  5.  The first Diesel engine in a workshop  The diesel engine, as it came to be known, was also more efficient and reliable than the gasoline engine that had been invented 20 years earlier by Diesel’s countryman, Nikolaus Otto.

  6. A Shift from Coal to An Waste Liquid • 1913 : Rudolf Diesel disappears in mysterious circumstances aboard a steam ship to London. • His body is later found in the North Sea • Some historians speculate that coal industry leaders murdered Diesel because his engine blueprint was reworked to use diesel fuel. • Diesel fuel has an interesting origin because it was ignored as garbage for decades. • Instead of seeing it as a valuable source of fuel, it was thrown away as an unusable byproduct of petroleum refining for more than 40 years. • Etymology resources cite the term diesel as first being used as an adjective in 1894. • The word diesel was borrowed from Rudolf Diesel’s last name because of a revolutionary engine that he designed.

  7. Structure of Efficient Diesel Cycle Higher efficiency is obtained by adding less heat per cycle, Qin,  run engine at higher speed to get the same power.

  8. Multi Cylinder diesel engines • 1922 Benz introduced a 2-cylinder, 30 hp 800 rpm tractor engine. • 1924 Benz introduced a 4-cylinder, 50 hp 1000 rpm truck engine. • 1960- 1970 Peugeot introduced the 404 Diesel followed by the 504 Diesel and the 204 Diesel, the first diesel-powered compact car

  9. Inflammability of Fuels

  10. Type of Fuel Vs Combustion Strategy • Highly volatile with High self Ignition Temperature: Spark Ignition. Ignition after thorough mixing of air and fuel. • Less Volatile with low self Ignition Temperature: Compression Ignition , Almost simultaneous mixing & Ignition.

  11. 20th Century Inventions for Automotive Prime Movers based on Otto’s Model Methods of Building a Powerful Artificial Horse….

  12. Ignition Power Stroke Effect of Compression Ratio on Thermal Efficiency Present SI engines 7 < r < 11 k = 1.4 • Spark ignition engine compression ratio limited by T3 (auto-ignition) and p3 (material strength), both ~rk • For r = 8 the efficiency is 56% which is twice the actual indicated value

  13. Evolution of Otto’s Artificial Horse • Carburetted SI- IC Engines. • HC Emissions • Low Fuel Economy Throttling, quantity governed

  14. Current SI Engines MPFI Engines High Specific Power Fuel economy better than carbureted  Quality governing, no throttling High HC emissions during transient operation Limited improvement at part load

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