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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Learn about the lymphatic system, its role in immune defense, and the circulation of lymph and blood. Understand how the heart, blood vessels, and organs work together in transportation and waste removal. Explore the functions of red blood cells, plasma, and hemoglobin. Discover the importance of lymph nodes and the spleen in removing pathogens and old red blood cells.

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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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  1. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM A group of organs and tissues that collect fluid that leaks from blood and returns it to the blood.

  2. The lymphatic system is also part of the body’s defense against disease. The lymph capillaries collect fluid containing dead cells and pathogens from around the body.

  3. LYMPH The leaked fluid from the blood.

  4. Lymph is returned to the cardiovascular system through blood vessels at the base of the neck.

  5. LYMPH NODES Small bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph. Lymph nodes are concentrated in the neck, armpits, and groin.

  6. White blood cells are also found in the lymph system. White blood cells mature in the lymph system.

  7. When an infection occurs, the white blood cells multiply. The lymph nodes become swollen and painful.

  8. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

  9. THE BODY’S TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM • DELIVERS FOOD AND OXYGEN • WITHOUT OXYGEN CELLS WOULD DIE • THE BRAIN DIES FIRST

  10. REMOVES WASTE • THE BODY WOULD POISON ITSELF IF WASTE NOT REMOVED • CARBON DIOXIDE IS THE WASTE PRODUCT OF MAKING ENERGY • TRANSPORTS CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

  11. DISEASE FIGHTING CELLS AND CHEMICALS ARE ALSO TRANSPORTED TO INVASION SITES • THE HEART IS THE POWER BEHIND THIS • THE BLOOD VESSELS WOULD WRAP AROUND THE EARTH MORE THAN TWICE

  12. CIRCULATION IN THE BODY

  13. BLOOD FLOWS FROM THE HEART TO THE LUNGS TO THE HEART TO THE BODY AND BACK TO THE HEART

  14. THE HEART ONLY RESTS BETWEEN BEATS

  15. ABOUT 5 LITERS OF BLOOD IS PUMPED THROUGH YOUR BODY EVERY MINUTE • THE HEART IS THE SIZE OF YOUR FIST AND IS LOCATED TO THE LEFT CENTER OF THE CHEST

  16. PACEMAKER • LOCATED IN THE UPPER RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART • A BUNDLE OF NERVES • REGULATES THE HEART’S RHYTHM OR PACE OF BEATING

  17. AN ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER MAY BE PLACED OUTSIDE OF THE BODY

  18. ARTIFICIAL PACEMAKER

  19. THE HEART

  20. SEPTUM – SEPARATES THE RIGHT AND LEFT SIDES • ATRIUM – UPPER CHAMBERS • VENTRICLES – LOWER CHAMBERS

  21. RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART • BLOOD ENTERS THE ATRIUM • IT IS COLLECTED FROM THE BODY • IT IS DARK RED – LITTLE OXYGEN • BLOOD ENTERS THE VENTRICLE • IT FIRST PASSES THROUGH A VALVE • FROM HERE IT GOES TO THE LUNGS

  22. THE LUNGS • RED BLOOD CELLS DROP OFF CARBON DIOXIDE AND PICK UP OXYGEN • THE CARBON DIOXIDE IS IMMEDIATELY BREATHED OUT • BLOOD IS NOW BRIGHT RED • IT RETURNS TO THE HEART

  23. THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART • THE ATRUIM COLLECTS BLOOD RETURNING FROM THE LUNGS • THE BLOOD PASSES THROUGH A VALVE TO THE VENTRICLE • IT IS PUMPED THROUGHOUT THE BODY

  24. THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART WORKS SIX TIMES HARDER THAN THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART

  25. ARTERIES

  26. AORTA – THE MAIN BLOOD VESSEL THAT CARRIES BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART • SOME BRANCHES CARRY BLOOD TO THE REST OF THE BODY • SOME BRANCHES CARRY BLOOD TO THE HEART ITSELF

  27. IT IS THE LARGEST BLOOD VESSEL IN THE BODY

  28. DISECTION OF THE AORTA

  29. ARTERIES • INNER WALL – SMOOTH TO ALLOW BLOOD TO FLOW FREELY • ELASTIC MIDDLE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE – ALLOWS FLEXIBILITY AND MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION CONTROLS BLOOD FLOW

  30. OUTER – FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT ALLOWS THE ARTERY TO STRETCH AND RETURN TO NORMAL WITH EACH HEARTBEAT

  31. CAPILLARIES • EXTREMELY THIN WALLED • RED BLOOD CELLS PASS THROUGH SINGLE FILE • FOOD AND OXYGEN EXCHANGED FOR WASTE • OTHER MATERIALS MAY LEAVE AND ENTER AT THIS TIME

  32. CAPILLARY TRANSPORTING BLOOD

  33. VEINS • LARGER THAN CAPILLARIES BUT SMALLER THAN ARTERIES • CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART • THIN WALLS HAVE TINY ONE-WAY VALVES THAT KEEP THE BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACKWARD

  34. BLOOD • BLOOD IS A FLUID TISSUE • IT CONSISTS OF THREE TYPES OF PARTICLES – RED AND WHITE BLOOD CELLS, AND PLATELETS

  35. PLASMA • THE LIQUID PORTION OF BLOOD • 90% WATER • 10% SUGARS, FATS, SALTS, GASES, AND PLASMA PROTEINS

  36. FUNCTIONS • HELPS TO REGULATE THE AMOUNT OF WATER ENTERING OR LEAVING THE BLOOD • AIDS IN BLOOD CLOTTING

  37. TRANSPORTS ANTIBODIES – SPECIAL PROTEINS THAT HELP FIGHT OFF BACTERIA, VIRUSES, AND FOREIGN SUBSTANCES • CARRIES DIGESTED FOOD, HORMONES, AND WASTE PRODUCTS

  38. RED BLOOD CELLS • MOST NUMEROUS CELLS IN THE BLOOD • ROUND WITH FLATTENED HATS AND THICKENED RIMS AND FLAT CENTERS • CENTERS ARE SO THIN THEY SEEM CLEAR • THINNESS ENABLES THEM TO BEND IN THE CENTER TO SQUEEZE THROUGH NARROW CAPILLARIES

  39. PRODUCED IN THE BONE MARROW • LIFE SPAN – 120 DAYS • YOUNG RED BLOOD CELLS HAVE A NUCLEUS • AS CELL MATURES, NUCLEUS GROWS SMALLER AND SMALLER UNTIL IT VANISHES

  40. SPLEEN • “CEMETARY” OF RED BLOOD CELLS • DAMAGED OR WORN OUT CELLS ARE BROKEN DOWN IN THE SPLEEN

  41. HEMOGLOBIN • IRON-CONTAINING PROTEIN IN BLOOD • BINDS WITH OXYGEN TO TRANSPORT IT THROUGHOUT THE BODY • THE BUILD-UP OF HEMOGLOBIN FORCES THE NUCLEUS OUT

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