CHAPTER 14 Section 1 Terms, People, and Places

1. CHAPTER 14 Section 1Terms, People, and Places Moluccas Prince Henry Cartographer Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas Ferdinand Magellan Circumnavigate

2. Moluccas – A group of islands in eastern Indonesia; was the center of the spice trade in the 1500s and 1600s. • Prince Henry – Sponsored exploration for Portugal in hopes to make it a world power. His navigators discovered and claimed the Madeira and Azores islands. He saw great promise in Africa and hoped to gain converts to Christianity. He also hoped to find an easier way to reach Asia. • Cartographer – Mapmaker

3. Vasco da Gama – Portuguese navigator who in 1497 lead 4 ships around the Cape of Good Hope. He reached the great spice port of Calicut on the West coast of India. He profited greatly from spices and created a vast trading empire. His voyages confirmed Portugal’s status as a world power. • Christopher Columbus – Italian navigator from Genoa. He persuaded the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella to finance a voyage to reach the East Indies by sailing west across the Atlantic in 1492. He mistakenly thought islands of the Caribbean were the indies and called the people of the region “Indians”. Later it was realized that he was first European to reach the Americas, a previously unknown continent. His exploration motivated other explorers.

4. Line of Demarcation – Line set by the Treaty of Tordesillas dividing the non-European world into two zones, one controlled by Spain and the other by Portugal. • Treaty of Tordesillas – Treaty signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494 which divided the non-European world between them.

5. Ferdinand Magellan – A minor Portuguese Nobleman who set out from Spain to find a way to reach the Pacific. Eventually he found a passage through the southern tip of South America, which is now called the Strait of Magellan. The ships emerged into Balboa’s south sea. Magellan named the sea Pacific, from the Latin word meaning peaceful. He decided to push on across the Pacific to the East Indies, underestimating the size of the Pacific. • Circumnavigate – To travel completely around the world. After 3 years, survivors of Magellan’s voyagewere the first to circumnavigate.

6. CHAPTER 14 Section 2Terms, People, and Places • Mombasa • Malindi • Plantation • Affonso I • Missionary • Asante Kingdom • Osei Tutu • Monopoly • Oyo Empire • Cape Town • Boers

7. Mombasa – A city in southeastern Kenya, located on a small coastal island. Hub of international trade. • Malindi – A coastal town in southeastern Kenya. Hub of international trade. • Plantation – A large estate run by an owner or overseer and worked by laborers who live there. • Affonso I – Ruler of Kongo, in west central Africa. Was an early voice raised against the slave trade. He was tutored by Portuguese missionaries who he later called on to help develop Kongo as a modern Christian state. • Missionary – Someone sent to do religious work in a territory or foreign country.

8. Asante Kingdom – Kingdom that emerged in the 1700s in present-day Ghana and was active in the slave trade. • Osei Tutu – Military leader who unified the Asante Kingdom. • Monopoly – Complete control of a product or business by one person or group. • Oyo Empire – Yoruba empire that arose in the 1600s in present-day Nigeria and dominated its neighbors for a hundred years. • Cape Town – Seaport city and legislative capital of South Africa; first Dutch colony in Africa. • Boers – Dutch people who settled in Cape Town, Africa, and eventually migrated inland.

9. CHAPTER 14 Section 3Terms, People, and Places • Afonso de Albuquerque • Mughal Empire • Goa • Malacca • Outpost • Dutch East India Company • Sovereign • Philippines • Sepoys

10. Afonso de Albuquerque – Portuguese Fleet Commander who hoped to end Muslim power and turn the Indian Ocean into a “Portuguese Lake”. • Mughal Empire – Muslim empire that ruled most of northern India from the mid-1500’s to the mid-1700’s; also known as the Mogul or Mongol empire. • Goa – A state in Western India; formerly a coastal city that was made the base of Portugal’s Indian trade. • Malacca – A state and coastal city in Southwestern Malaysia, was an early center of the spice trade.

11. Outpost – A distant military station or a remote settlement. • Dutch East India Company – A trading company established by the Netherlands in 1602 to protect and expand its trade in Asia. • Sovereign – Having full, independent power. • Philippines – A country in Southeastern Asia made up of several thousand islands. • Sepoy – Indian soldier who served in an army set up by the French or English trading companies.

12. CHAPTER 14 Section 4Terms, People, and Places • Macao • Guangzhou • Matteo Ricci • Manchus • Qing • Qianlong • Lord Macartney • Nagasaki

13. Macao – Region of southeastern China made up of peninsula and two islands, a Portuguese territory from the mid-1800’s to 1999. • Guangzhou – A coastal city in southeastern China, also known as Canton. • Matteo Ricci – Jesuit Priest who had little success spreading his religious beliefs in China. However, he was an important source of information to Europeans who knew little about China. • Manchus – People originally from Manchuria north of China, who conquered the Ming dynasty and ruled China as the Qing dynasty from the mid-1600s to the early 1900s.

14. Qing Dynasty – Dynasty established by the Manchus in the mid 1600s and lasted until the early 1900s; China’s last dynasty. • Qianlong – Expanded China’s borders to rule the largest area in the Nations history. (1736-1796) • Lord Macartney – Arrived in China in 1793 at the head of a British diplomatic mission. He failed to show the Chinese advantages of trade with Westerners. Further misunderstandings led to failed negotiations. • Nagasaki – A coastal city in southern Japan on the island of Kyushu; city in Japan where the second atomic bomb was dropped in August, 1945.