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Saponification

Saponification. Making Soap “Soaponification”. Saponification Reaction: Fat + Lye  Soap + Glycerol. Lye - Caustic solution made from ashes. Soda Lye = NaOH Potash Lye = KOH Combining potash K 2 CO 3 with slaked lime Ca(OH) 2 yields KOH and CaCO 3

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Saponification

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  1. Saponification Making Soap “Soaponification”

  2. Saponification Reaction: Fat + Lye  Soap + Glycerol

  3. Lye - Caustic solution made from ashes. Soda Lye = NaOH Potash Lye = KOH Combining potash K2CO3 with slaked lime Ca(OH)2 yields KOH and CaCO3 NaOH obtained from reacting sodium compounds.

  4. O H C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH O C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH O C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH H Fat Lye (Triglyceride)

  5. O H C17H35-C-ONa H-C-OH O C17H35-C-ONa+ H-C-OH O C17H35-C-ONa H-C-OH H Soap! Glycerol

  6. How does it happen?? O • Break the ester linkages C – O- by hydrolyzing the bonds between the carbon backbone and the fatty acid chains. • (Reversal of esterification reaction) • Form the sodium salt of a fatty acid (soap) and a trihydroxy alcohol (glycerol).

  7. The Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

  8. Organic Reaction: Slow! • Must break covalent bonds. • Refluxing: Technique which allows a volatile solvent to boil, condense and return to the reaction vessel. It helps to maintain a fairly constant temperature throughout the reaction period.

  9. BUMPING!!! • When superheated liquids above their boiling point suddenly boil. • Large bubbles cause liquid to shoot out of container. • Add boiling chips to prevent bumping.

  10. Strange but true… Fat in cadavers: saponifies if conditions are right. Alkalai environment, moist, minimal oxygen. Adipocere or grave wax is formed.

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