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YOUTH SMOKING IN HONG KONG

YOUTH SMOKING IN HONG KONG. Lam TH, Ho SY, Lai MK Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. Introduction. 3 Youth Smoking Surveys commissioned by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health in 1994, 1999 and 2003

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YOUTH SMOKING IN HONG KONG

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  1. YOUTH SMOKING INHONG KONG Lam TH, Ho SY, Lai MK Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong

  2. Introduction • 3 Youth Smoking Surveys commissioned by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health in 1994, 1999 and 2003 • Study smoking prevalence, factors associated with smoking, respiratory symptoms, quitting • Monitor smoking trends • Incorporated the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in the 2003 survey

  3. Methods • Two-stage cluster sampling • Territory-wide non-international secondary schools were randomly selected • 2 classes from each of form1 to form 3 were further selected randomly • All students in selected classes completed a self administered, anonymous and structured questionnaire in the classroom in the absence of teachers

  4. Participants • 1994: 6304 students from 61 schools • 1999 vs 1994: 8737 vs 4539 students from the same 45 schools • 2003: 40840 students from about 90 schools by mid 2004 (8863 Form 1 students surveyed in 1999 are followed up) • (2003 survey in progress. 1994 and 1999 results will be presented)

  5. Cough & Smoking p for trend < 0.001 * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  6. Phlegm & Smoking p for trend < 0.001 * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  7. Throat problems / Wheezing & Smoking p for trend < 0.001 * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  8. Cough & Passive Smoking p for trend < 0.001 (except cough, past 3 months) * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  9. Phlegm & Passive Smoking p for trend < 0.005 (except phlegm, past 3 months, p = 0.03) * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  10. Throat Problems / Wheezing & Passive Smoking p for trend < 0.05 for throat problems only * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Int J Epidemiol 1998;27(1):41-8.

  11. Factors Associated withEver Smoking * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence and type of housing Source: Lam, et al. Am J Prev Med 1998;14(3):217-23.

  12. Overestimation of Smoking Prevalence in Adolescents • Overestimation predicts smoking initiation and associated positively with future smoking in the West. • 1999 COSH Survey: Out of 100 students of your age in Hong Kong, how many of them smoke cigarettes? (1 / 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 25 / 30 / 35 / 40 or above / Don't know) • Students who overestimated their age-specific smoking rate were classified as overestimation.

  13. Overestimation ofSmoking Prevalence 2x

  14. Odds Ratios of Smoking by Overestimation in Boys p for trend < 0.05 except ever smoker * Adjusted for age, gender, area of residence, type of housing, etc.

  15. Intention to Quit Smoking

  16. 2003 YSS • Incorporated items from the questionnaires of previous YSS survey the GYTS survey • Standardised questionnaire, questionnaire administration, procedures and data analyses • A cross-sectional and prospective study • By January 2004, about 30000 questionnaires from 68 schools have been collected

  17. Conclusions • The prevalence of smoking in youth has been increasing. • Adverse health effects of smoking and passive smoking are found with high excess risks in Hong Kong. • Many avoidable risk factors of smoking are identified.

  18. Conclusions • A regular series of smoking surveys using standardised methods are essential to study risk factors and adverse effects of smoking and to monitor trends. • Such surveys should be done more frequently.

  19. Youth Smoking Prevention (YSP)

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  21. Interventions Supported bythe Tobacco Industry • Voluntary or self regulation • Health education: on risks • Banning of sales to minors • Youth Smoking Prevention (YSP) (130 YSP programmes in more than 70 countries) funded by tobacco industry (www.bat.com)

  22. 究底尋真 煙草業 防止青少年 吸煙計劃 之真相

  23. Introduction • Published by World Health Organization • The Traditional Chinese version is translated and published by HK Council on Smoking & Health • The tobacco industry offered money, expert consultants and support services to governments and civic organizations • Japan, Philippines, Australia, Malaysia etc.

  24. WHO Framework Convention 2003: • Comprehensive multisectional national tobacco control strategies, plans and programmes: • Price and tax • Protection from exposure to tobacco smoke • Regulation of contents and disclosures of tobacco products • Packaging and labelling (50% or more areas) • Education, communication, training and public awareness

  25. Comprehensive ban of advertising, promotion and sponsorship • Cessation and treatment for tobacco dependency • Elimination of illicit trade • Prohibit sales to and by minors • Economically viable alternatives • Liability: criminal and civil • Research, surveillance, exchange of information • Cooperation

  26. WHO Framework Convention Has your country signed? What has been done? What will be done?

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