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Total War & Totalitarianism

Total War & Totalitarianism. Total War. Bloodiest wars in history “Total War” – Why? Nations Civilians “No holds barred”. Weapons of Advanced technology. Trench Warfare. Great War of 1914 or World War I. War to end all wars 70 million fought & 8 million died Background to war.

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Total War & Totalitarianism

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  1. Total War & Totalitarianism

  2. Total War • Bloodiest wars in history • “Total War” – Why? • Nations • Civilians • “No holds barred”

  3. Weapons of Advanced technology

  4. Trench Warfare

  5. Great War of 1914 or World War I • War to end all wars • 70 million fought & 8 million died • Background to war

  6. Map World War I

  7. Background • Archduke Franz Ferdinand • “Powder Keg of Europe” • Central Powers – Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire • Allied Forces – Serbia, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Russia

  8. Reactions in Literature

  9. Wilfred Owen • 1893-1918 • British poet • Sense of cynicism and futility • Dulce et Dorcum Est (1917)

  10. William Butler Yeats • 1865-1939 • Irish poet and dramatist • The Second Coming

  11. Ernest Hemingway • 1899-1961 • American author • A Farewell to Arms (1929)

  12. Erich Maria Remarque • 1898-1970 • Erich Paul Remark • German solider & author • All Quiet on the Western Front (1929)

  13. Reaction in Art

  14. Grosz, Fit for Active Service, c.1916-17, Modern

  15. BRITANNIA MUST BE MORE CAREFUL HOW SHE WAVES THE RULES

  16. THE CROWNING ACHIEVEMENT (THIS LATEST SUBMARINE VICTIM MAY BE THE LAST)

  17. Russian Revolution

  18. Problems in Russia • War • Government Corruption • Weak economy • 1917 - Revolution

  19. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin • 1870-1924 • Marxist • Leader of the Russian Socialist Party • Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism

  20. State and Revolution • Phases of Revolution • Communist Society • State disappears • Harmony in the world

  21. The Result • Dictatorship over proletariat • Totalitarian regime • Twisted form of communism

  22. Joseph Stalin • 1879-1953 • Secret police favorite weapon • Strict programs – 15 million people die – “the great terror”

  23. Russian Propaganda • Promote ideals • Condemn “modernism”, decadence and bourgeois notions • Social realism in art

  24. Great Depression & America

  25. Artistic Reactions to Great Depression Literature

  26. John Steinbeck • 1902-1968 • American novelist • Natural/Realist style • Grapes of Wrath (1939) • Social realism vs. socialist realism

  27. Artistic Reactions to Great Depression Art

  28. Social Realism

  29. American Scene Painting

  30. American Scene Painting

  31. Dorothea Lange • 1895-1965 • Documentary photographer • Worked with RA/FSA • Humanizes the consequences of the Great Depression

  32. Lange, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, 1936, Social Realism

  33. Posters

  34. Totalitarianism and WWII

  35. Adolf Hitler • 1889-1945 • 1933 – Chancellor of Germany & leader (Fuhrer) of National Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi party) • “Internal enemies” • Propaganda

  36. Propaganda

  37. World War II

  38. Background • Axis powers – Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungry, Spain & Japan • Allied countries – 25 nations, France & Britain and after 1941 US & USSR • Turning moments • 1942 – Defeat at Stalingrad • Naval War • Hitler commits suicide • Surrender

  39. Artistic Reaction to the War • Literature • Nihilism and resignation • Use of gallows humor

  40. Joseph Heller • 1923-1999 • American novelist • Catch 22 (1961) • No win situation

  41. Holocaust

  42. Holocaust

  43. Holocaust

  44. Holocaust

  45. Holocaust

  46. Elie Wiesel • b.1928 • Night (1958)

  47. Artistic Reaction to the War • Art • Photojournalism

  48. Lee Miller • 1907-1977 • Former debutant and fashion model who photographed WWII concentration camps & acts of war

  49. Images

  50. Images by Capa & Cartier-Bresson

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