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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. Proteins. Information in DNA is used to make proteins Proteins determine traits (eye color, hair color) Proteins are chains of amino acids 20 different amino acids Combinations of amino acids determine a proteins purpose. Protein Synthesis.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. Proteins • Information in DNA is used to make proteins • Proteins determine traits (eye color, hair color) • Proteins are chains of amino acids • 20 different amino acids • Combinations of amino acids determine a proteins purpose

  3. Protein Synthesis • Proteins are assembled on ribosomes which are in the cytoplasm • DNA can’t leave the nucleus so the cell needs a way to get DNA’s info to the ribosome • RNA carries info from DNA to the ribosomes and carries out the process by which proteins are made • mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

  4. Transcription • First step of protein synthesis • During transcription, a molecule of DNA is copied into a complementary strand of RNA • Nucleotides (bases) are arranged in groups of 3 – a codon – to form specific “words” • Ex: ATG, CAG, GGA • 64 possible words Transcription = DNA → RNA

  5. Steps of Transcription • DNA strands separate • Complementary bases of RNA are added to the strand (much like DNA replication, but T will be replaced with U because RNA doesn’t have T)

  6. mRNA (messenger RNA) • The newly formed strand which will then go to where thy will be translated. • Ex: ATC GAC TAG CTA  DNA  mRNA

  7. Translation • The mRNA from transcription will code for a particular amino acid. • During translation, the information is decoded and arranged into amino acid sequences. • tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosomes where they join together to form proteins • rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is part of the structure of ribosomes • mRNA is used to make tRNA  then codes for amino acids

  8. Codon Chart • The codons of mRNA formed from transcription are used to determine the order of amino acids using the codon chart

  9. Guided Practice • EXAMPLE: • DNA  ATG CAT GAC TTA • RNA  • AAS 

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