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WAC 20 10

WAC 20 10. HIV/ AIDS information Refresher By: Adham Mousa. EPIDEMIC UPDATE. Global, Regional and National Perspectives. Module 2 Session 2.0. GLOBALLY (end of 2007). 33.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) 2.5 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV

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WAC 20 10

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  1. WAC 2010 HIV/AIDS information Refresher By: Adham Mousa

  2. EPIDEMIC UPDATE Global, Regional and National Perspectives Module 2 Session 2.0

  3. GLOBALLY (end of 2007) • 33.2 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) • 2.5 million children under 15 years of age living with HIV • 92.8% are adults • 50% are women

  4. EVERYDAY 7,400 persons become infected with HIV every day ( new infections globally)

  5. Public Health Challenge ONLY 1 out of 10 persons infected with HIV have been tested and know their HIV status

  6. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region • 380,000 PLHIV • Low prevalence region 0.3% • 2nd Highest region in growth of new infections ( 300% in the last 5 years) • Heterosexual contact is main mode of transmission

  7. HIV and AIDS in EGYPT Low prevalence country <0.1% BUT: • Existence of risky behaviors • Youth have insufficient knowledge about modes of HIV infection and prevention

  8. New HIV cases reported in Egypt (1986 – 2007)

  9. BASIC HIV TRASMISSION Module 2 Session 2.1

  10. Definitions H = Human I = Immunodeficiency V = Virus A = Acquired I = Immuno- D = deficiency S = Syndrom

  11. HIV and AIDS • HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. • HIV is a retrovirus. • HIV infects the immune system • Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs slow the progression from HIV to AIDS, but they are NOT A CURE. So a person can live with HIV for a long time without symptoms.

  12. BODILY FLUIDS that Transmit HIV • Blood • Seminal fluid • Vaginal fluid • Breast milk

  13. HIV MAIN MODES OF TRANSMISSION

  14. Unprotected Sex

  15. Blood Transfusions

  16. Sharing Needles and Syringes

  17. From Mother-to-Child • During: • Pregnancy • Delivery • Breastfeeding

  18. What Does NOT transmit HIV?

  19. Dentists Barbers

  20. Swimming Pools Sharing Food Handshakes

  21. Non-Sexual Human Contact Insect Bites Sharing Toilets

  22. Using Public Transportation

  23. Routes That Do Not Transmit HIV • Coughing or sneezing • Insect bites • Touching or hugging • Water or food • Kissing • Public baths • Shaking hands • Work or school contact • Dentists • Barbers • Using toilets • Using telephones, door knobs • Swimming pools • Sharing cups, glasses, plates and other utensils

  24. FACTORS INCREASING HIV TRANSMISSION

  25. Vulnerable Populations Social groups at risk of contracting HIV: • Children (MTCT, street children, orphans) • Youth (sexual contact) • Women (biological factors and gender inequalities)

  26. Most At Risk Groups“Key Populations” Social groups that expose themselves to the risk of contracting HIV: • Injecting drug users (IDUs) • Sex workers and their clients • Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)

  27. BASICS OF HIV PREVENTION There is NO cure for HIV! Good prevention is the only effective way to prevent HIV. Module 2 Session 2.2

  28. Prevention of HIVSexual Transmission Remember the ABCs: • A = Abstinence • B = Being faithful to one tested faithful partner • C = Consistent and correct condom use

  29. Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission • Timely administration of ARVs during pregnancy ( Third Trimester) • Cesarean delivery • Avoiding breastfeeding

  30. Other Modes of Prevention • DO NOT share needles/syringes • Screen blood for transfusions • Follow universal precautions for infection control

  31. Importance of HIV Education • To prevent new infections • To improve the quality of life of PLHIV • To reduce stigma and discrimination

  32. Voluntary Confidential Counseling and Testing VCCT Module 3 Session 3.2

  33. Goals of VCCT • To provide anonymous, high quality counseling and testing • To help clients to make an informed decision about testing • To assist clients to cope effectively with their results • To reduce personal risks

  34. HIV Counselling and Testing • Process by which an individual undergoes counselling enabling him/her to make an informed choice about being tested. • Steps: • Pre-test counseling • HIV testing • Post-test counselling • Referrals to additional services

  35. Benefits of VCCT • Positive behavior change and risk reduction • Promoting access to care and treatment • STI and TB prevention • Prevention of MTCT • Early management of opportunistic infections • Alleviation of anxiety

  36. VCCT Centers in Egypt

  37. VCCT Centers in Egypt (cont’d)

  38. HIV and AIDS Hotline Free of charge 0800 700 8000

  39. SOCIAL STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION Module 4 Session 4.1

  40. Stigma Social phenomenon With regard to HIV, the idea of perversion and immorality (and also sin) is linked to the fear of death, making HIV a source of culture-related stigma.

  41. Self Stigmatization • Product of the internalization of shame, blame, hopelessness, guilt and the fear of discrimination associated, in this case, with being HIV positive. • Can lead to self-destructive behaviour.

  42. Discriminatory Acts Regarding HIV • HIV testing without consent • Lack of confidentiality of test results • Denial of medical and nurse care • Being fired from work • Social exclusion

  43. Causes of HIV Stigma and Discrimination • Lack of understanding of the illness • Misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted • The incurability of HIV and AIDS

  44. Impact of Stigma and Discrimination on PLHIV It affects: • Prevention of HIV • Access to health services, diagnosis, treatment and management of HIV and AIDS • Compliance to therapy • Fear of being rejected

  45. Language of Health Care Providers

  46. Opportunistic Infections (OIs) • OIsare infections caused by organisms that would not cause a disease in a person with a well-functioning immune system. • Ois cause considerable morbidity in PLHIV. • In 5% of infected persons, the time between infection and the appearance of the opportunistic infections is more than 10 years.

  47. Treatment of Opportunistic Infections • Primary prophylaxis or preventive treatment is used to prevent OIs in PLHIV. • The CD4 count remains the most reliable indicator for the occurrence of OIs; as the CD4 count declines, the risk of contracting OIs increases. • Living a health lifestyle decreases the chances of developing OIs.

  48. Disease Progression • Even when PLHIV adopt a healthy lifestyle, the development of OIs and other illnesses is inevitable. • Co-infections with pathogens such as TB and malaria increase the HIV viral burden and accelerate the disease progression. • Obtaining a comprehensive medical history is essential to developing a plan of care.

  49. HCV and HIV • HCV spreads more easily than HIV through contact with infected blood. • HCV exacerbates HIV, probably due to liver damage. • Since HCV damages the liver, it can make it harder to take ARVs. • HIV and HCV co-infection slows down the rate of increase in CD4 cell counts during HIV treatment.

  50. Improving the Quality of Life of PLHIV • Adopt a healthy diet • Exercise regularly • Avoid alcohol and tobacco • Avoid stress • Avoid all forms of infections • See the doctor regularly for early detection of health problem • Follow up CD4 count to assess the immune system status

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