“Basic Congruity between Publishers and Libraries” –

1. “Basic Congruity between Publishers and Libraries” – Springer Perspective!! Sanjiv Goswami

2. Looking Back……… THE LIMITATIONS • Library – Warehouse • Books – First Come First Serve • Journals – Confined to Library • Primary Need • Academic – Little to go beyond • Librarian • Never really satisfied THE REALITY • Library – Warehouse • Brick and mortar • Primary Need • Academic • Librarian • Managing ????

3. The Primary Drivers

4. The Primary Drivers Print.... • Are not digitally searchable • Use of index & TOC Another big difference… Electronic... • Digitally searchable

5. The Trend Today in Knowledge Management • Who is the content dispenser for the Libraries world over: • Includes traditional print and electronic scholarly publishers (both for-profit and not-for-profit), trade publishers, information aggregators and other vendors, and other electronic-only information disseminators. • What is the publishers modus operandi? • Publishers today increasingly act globally to provide electronic information through platforms either owned by themselves or outsourced. • What should be libraries' expectations ? • it is incumbent upon libraries to act globally to express their market positions on the pricing and other terms and conditions related to the purchase of that information.

6. Current Problems and Needs for Libraries Increasing Expectations and Stable Budgets • Current Problem: • Over time, academic institutions typically have spent a decreasing percentage of their educational budgets, some have even returned funds. • Academic libraries expect to obtain new electronic resources while simultaneously maintaining traditional print collections • Libraries also expect to do this with no additional funding towards electronic resources. • Future Need: • Academic libraries must use information technologies to facilitate increased information delivery • Also make e-information more generally, readily, and flexibly accessible to their users for cost effectiveness and time saving.

7. Pricing Concerns • Current Problem from the outlook of Libraries: • Current pricing models for e-information, which are developing during a period of experimentation, are not sustainable. • With their diminishing fiscal resources, Libraries will rapidly be unable to afford or support the pricing strategies for electronic information. • For example, academic libraries cannot afford to commit long-term to the now-prevalent electronic journal pricing model that is premised upon a base price of "current print price plus electronic surcharge plus significant projected inflation surcharges." 

8. Pricing Models • Single Institution model for Journals • Print plus Electronic model for Journals • Consortia Model for Print and Online: Cross Sharing • Consortia Model for only Online • Closed Consortia Model • Open Consortia Model • Pay per view model for both single institute and consortia • One time payment model for Archives • Pick and Choose Ebooks Model • Subject Package Model for EBooks: Single Institute and Consortia • Aggregators Model for Books and Journals

9. Springer for YOU… • Increasing Expectations and Stable Budgets • Springer does not preclude libraries from working through consortia to seek advantageous pricing or other special arrangements. • We encourage libraries to get together in closed or open consortia to facilitate surplus content flow. • All terms and conditions are negotiated and clearly stated in the contract. • Springer Understands that Consortia and their member libraries are diverse and have different needs, funding structures, and governance. To meet these differing needs we offer multiple and flexible economic models. • Bundling electronic and print subscriptions is an option for Libraries but not a rule; thus solving the future needs for Archiving information

10. Archiving of Information Journal Archives Current Problem: • Print publications provide a degree of permanence. • if not managed properly, e-information can be highly short-lived. Future Need: • It is critical to libraries and the constituents they serve that permanent archival access to information be available, especially if that information exists only in electronic form. • Libraries cannot rely solely on external providers to be their archival source. Therefore, agreements to procure e-information must include provisions to purchase and not just to lease or provide temporary access. Springer For YOU • Springer offer archiving for contemporary, historic or current content completely dealt with during negotiations of a contract. • For eg: Extra free content in terms of back files : Contemporary Access for Journals • Ownership Models for eBooks…etc.

11. Measures of Effectiveness Current Problem: • Neither academic libraries nor information providers have sufficient experience or data to determine : • the appropriate unit cost of information, • the effective return on investment, • the most appropriate economic model for charging or paying for electronic information. Future Need: • Effective data must be collected and measures of success must be constantly re-evaluated. • Libraries and providers must jointly develop and agree upon what constitutes an effective measure of the use and value of electronic information so both parties can demonstrate better returns on investment. • the dust gathered on the book is not an effective measure of it not being used for a long time in a library. • Or a journal not of core competence of the institute does not disqualify to be part of the library… Counter Compliance

12. Fair Use : What is this???. Current Problem: • No police-ing infrastructure for fair use of Print material. • India does not even have a reprographic society. Future Need: • The concept of fair use continues to be relevant and must be retained in the electronic environment. • Publishers find the electronic environment more fair-use friendly • Even though one still needs to have definitive terms for the same. Springer for YOU • We allow downloads and prints • We monitor web crawlers, spiders, and cut off access on systematic downloads… Systematic Downloads ?????????

13. 1904 1921 1922 1944 1950 1963 1986 PavlovMedicine EinsteinPhysics BohrPhysics HahnChemistry DielsChemistry EcclesMedicine FreedmanMathematics Springer’s innovations New geographical content New business models New products Russian Library Chinese Library Indian Library Polish Library New content 2.2 million new articles

14. Springer’s Modus Operandi • Springer operates through 70 offices across the world. • Electronic content is provided through our online platform, www.springerlink.com. • SpringerLink is one of the world’s largest electronic databases of STM journals, eBooks and reference works. • All electronic content is fully downloadable and printable. • We offer a wide range of access models including perpetual access, ownership mode, subscription models. • Access through IP recognition ensures that user ids and passwords are not required to gain access to the contents of the website. However, we aid institutes with weak infrastructure with username/pw access. • Entire & Across Campus Access • Available 24X7 • Exhaustive cross-referencing facility

15. As libraries and providers gather experience, information, and understanding of the electronic information environment, a richer array of options and solutions shall emerge. • Just to bring to the kind notice of the audience: • Springer is the first publisher to offer its entire current production of books in electronic format as eBooks recreating the database approach; on ownership basis, allowing multiple concurrent access across campuses with full archiving rights… …A giant step towards…stabilising Electronic Information Environment