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4 November 2011 Properties of Blood Vessels

Learn about the structure and function of blood vessels, including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Explore topics like arterial pressure, elasticity, resistance, and autoregulation. Get ready for the test with chapter questions and updates on the website.

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4 November 2011 Properties of Blood Vessels

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  1. 4 November 2011Properties of Blood Vessels Announcements & Reminders Test 2 on Monday Updates posted to WebsiteChapter questions posted to WebsitePhoto-shoot Friday 1 pm Biology Suite

  2. 1QQ # 25 for 8:30 • By what means can a person with a heart transplant increase their cardiac output while jogging? • What are the effects of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate and stroke volume?

  3. 1QQ # 25 for 9:30 • By what means is stroke volume decreased in a person who has just finished jogging and is now standing still and is no longer breathing as deeply as while jogging? • What are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate and stroke volume?

  4. Exchange S 1 Properties of Blood Vessels All vessels and heart chambers lined with ENDOTHELIAL cells (simple squamous) • Arteries • Arterioles • Capillaries • Venules • Veins Elastic, low compliance, large diameter, low resistance vessels Variable Resistance vessels Wall = simple squamous endothelium No smooth muscle; cannot change diameter Capacitance vessels, high compliance, low pressure, valves for unidirectional flow

  5. S 2 Fig. 12.29 Aorta Brachial or Femoral artery Damage to artery vs vein Pusatile flow

  6. S 3 Fig. 12.39b Analogy: river width and flow

  7. S 4 Fig. 12.30 Stretching elastic connective tissue Elastic recoil of stretched arterial walls during ventricular systole maintains arterial pressure during diastole as blood drains into arterioles. Atherosclerosis Recoil of elastic connective tissue Point of Confusion: Smooth muscles in arterial walls DO NOT rhythmically contract, do not pump!

  8. S 5 Arteries and Arterial PressureMean Arterial Pressure Arterioles have two main functions: 1) regulate flow to tissues and organs and 2) responsible for Total Peripheral Resistance which influences Blood Pressure. Arteriole MAP = CO x TPR Poiseulle’s Equation

  9. S 6 Fig. 12.50 CardiacOutput Heart Arteries MeanArterialPressure Arterioles Totol Peripheral Resistance CNS Kidneys Sk. Muscle Skin Gut

  10. S 7 Receptors for other ligands Alpha receptors more common except in skeletal muscle arterioles which have more B2 receptors

  11. S 8 Fig. 12.36 Metabolic vasodilators No parasympathetic innervation of arterioles! Importance of sympathetic “tone.” Metabolic autoregulation, flow autoregulation, myogenic autoregulation

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