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Beijing, China

Beijing, China. The Great Wall of China. 5,500 miles Crosses 3 geographical regions: Western- Gobi Desert (now in ruin) Central- Ordos Steppes (mud) East- precipitous mountains to Pacific Ocean. Construction. Watchtowers Wooden frames Tampered Earth Brickwork (brick walls)

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Beijing, China

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  1. Beijing, China

  2. The Great Wall of China

  3. 5,500 miles • Crosses 3 geographical regions: • Western- Gobi Desert (now in ruin) • Central- Ordos Steppes (mud) • East- precipitous mountains to Pacific Ocean

  4. Construction • Watchtowers • Wooden frames • Tampered Earth • Brickwork (brick walls) • Kilns- mass brick production

  5. Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) • First Emperor- Qin Shih Huang • Unified China (6 new states) • First unified kingdom in Chinese history • Built to defend from Mongolian Hsiong nu (Huns) • Connection of previously-built walls

  6. Han Dynasty (206 BC- 220 AD) • Still bothered by Huns • Tried to open diplomatic relations • “Too shameful”- stopped • Wall repaired, sections added for expansion West across Gobi Desert • Protect Silk Road’s markets

  7. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) • “Modern” walls • Ming suffered disturbances (Dadan, Tufan, Nuzhen) • Forbade any foreign contact in 16th century • Up to 25 ft. • Guard stations, watchtowers

  8. Mutianyu • 2.5 kilometers • 22 watchtowers • Valleys • Granite • Nomadic tribes • Qi Dynasty (550-577) • Ming Dynasty-reconstructed

  9. Tourism • 17th-20th Centuries: Growing Western contact with China • 1987: World Heritage Site (UNESCO) • 50-mile Beijing Portion receives 1,000s of tourists daily

  10. Tiananmen Square

  11. 1420-Original Symbol of modern China Gatehouse of Ming and Qing Dynasties Original gate of Forbidden City Gate of Heavenly Peace

  12. 7 white marble bridges Central: widest Central: for emperor Golden Water Bridge

  13. Platform, tower- 5 arch ways Central: largest, for emperors Sides: smaller, for ministers, officials Mao portrait “Long Live the People’s Republic of China” “Long Live the Great Unity of the World’s Peoples” Lions 2 Outside Gate 2 Guarding Bridges Protection from evil spirits • Huabiao • Central archway • 2 Stone columns • Dragon designs • “Wangtianhou” decoration

  14. East of square Clay figures: New Democracy, socialist construction period Mao statue- North Great Hall Crystal Coffin Black granite base Corpse- embalmed. Internal organs- Formaldehyde Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

  15. Completed 1958 Dedicated to those who died fighting Cornerstone by Mao & Zhu De Middle of old Imperial Pathway Break with feudal dynastic past Monument to People’s Heroes

  16. 1989 April 15 Hu Yaobang dies Demand Democracy Government reform Chinese Political Party-Corruption Civil Disobedience Student Protests

  17. June 3: Troops toward Center Barricades Government Army vs.. Civilians Civilians killed Unknown death toll: 200 (Chen, Mayor)- 2,600 (Red Cross) June 4 Massacre

  18. Tourism • 1,000s Daily • Relaxing: kites, walks • Holidays: covered in flowers

  19. Bibliography • http://geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/greatwall.htm • China Travel Guide http://www.travelchinaguide.com • Mutianyu Great Wall http://www.mutianyugreatwall.net • Kerns, Ann. Who Will Shout If Not Us? Minneapolis, MN USA:Lerner Publishing Group Inc., 2011. Print. • The China Guide. Tiananmen Square. Beijing Freedom Travel Agency. 2010. Web. http://www.thebeijingguide.com/tiananmen_square/index.html • Kristof, Nicholas D. “Tiananmen Square.” New York Times. May 22, 2009. Print. • “1989: Massacre in Tiananmen Square.” On This Day BBC News. Web.

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