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Conflict of Interest Disclosure Paula McLaughlin , MA

Conflict of Interest Disclosure Paula McLaughlin , MA. Has no real or apparent conflicts of interest to report. ADI March 29, 2011. Visual Search Performance in Amnestic MCI: Do Auditory Cues Help Focus Attention? P. McLaughlin, J. Rich, N. Anderson & S. Murtha.

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Conflict of Interest Disclosure Paula McLaughlin , MA

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  1. Conflict of Interest DisclosurePaula McLaughlin, MA Has no real or apparent conflicts of interest to report.

  2. ADI March 29, 2011 Visual Search Performance in Amnestic MCI: Do Auditory Cues Help Focus Attention?P. McLaughlin, J. Rich, N. Anderson & S. Murtha

  3. Visual Search Visual search is a complex skill used everyday • Dependent on a variety of factors

  4. Visual Search Visual search is a complex skill used everyday • Dependent on a variety of factors Tippett.org

  5. Visual Search Visual search is a complex skill used everyday • Dependent on a variety of factors

  6. Visual Search Visual search is a complex skill used everyday • Dependent on a variety of factors

  7. Visual Search Visual search is a complex skill used everyday • Dependent on a variety of factors Visual search paradigms are commonly used • Look for a target amongst a varying number and type of distracting stimuli (Treisman & Gelade, 1980; Wolfe, 1998)

  8. Visual Search, Aging & Alzheimer’s Disease Visual search abilities decline with age Complex search conditions Processing speed Executive control of attention Visual search is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease Simple & complex search conditions Process items & shift attention Executive control of attention (e.g., Foster et al., 1995; 1999; McLaughlin & Murtha, 2010; Tales et al., 2004)

  9. MCI & Visual Attention Subtle deficiencies have been observed Focusing & disengaging attention Executive control of attention Changes are task dependent Limited research on visual search performance Processing information, shifting efficacy & executive control (Okonkwo et al., 2007; Levinoff et al., 2005; Perry & Hodges, 2003) (McLaughlin, Borrie & Murtha, 2010; Tales et al., 2005)

  10. Present Study Investigate MCI-related changes in visual search abilities Determine whether auditory cues can facilitate performance Identify whether cueing effects are dependent on the type of auditory cue Informative spatial vs. non-informative preparatory

  11. Visual Search Paradigm Type of cue: Orienting TaskPreparatory Task + + 1000 ms 1000 ms + 200 ms + 200 ms + + 300 ms 300 ms

  12. Visual Search Paradigm Two visual search conditions: Single FeatureConjoined Feature • Target defined by salient feature (colour) • “Pop-out” effect expected • Target is not salient (colour, orientation) • Controlled, strategic search Array size, target, cue availability was manipulated

  13. Group Demographics * p < .05 **Included 9 individuals with single-domain and 7 individuals with multiple-domain Standard deviations in parentheses

  14. Results: Task x Target x Array x Group RT (ms)

  15. Results: Task x Target x Array x Group RT (ms)

  16. Results: Task x Target x Array x Group RT (ms)

  17. Results: Task x Cue x Array x Group Orienting TaskPreparatory Task Cue Benefit (noncued vs. cued) OA MCI OA MCI

  18. Subtype of MCI: Demographics * Non-memory impairments included language (n = 7), simple attention (n = 3), cognitive flexibility (n = 2) No difference between groups in memory or general cognitive functioning

  19. Results: Task x Target x Array x Subtype RT (ms)

  20. Results: Task x Target x Array x Subtype RT (ms)

  21. Results: Task x Target x Array x Subtype RT (ms)

  22. Results: Task x Target x Array x Subtype RT (ms)

  23. Results: Task x Target x Array x Subtype RT (ms)

  24. Results: Task x Cue x Array x Subtype OrientingPreparatory Cue Benefit (noncued – cued) OA aMCI md-aMCI OA aMCI md-aMCI

  25. Conclusions Visual search abilities are attenuated in MCI • Decrements associated with multi-domain amnestic

  26. Conclusions Visual search abilities are attenuated in MCI • Decrements associated with multi-domain amnestic Auditory cues facilitate performance • Larger cueing effects observed for the MCI group

  27. Conclusions Visual search abilities are attenuated in MCI • Decrements associated with multi-domain amnestic Auditory cues facilitate performance • Larger cueing effects observed for the MCI group The type of cue is important • Informative orienting cues are more beneficial than simple non-informative preparatory cues

  28. Implications Demonstrates the importance of assessing other cognitive functions outside of memory • Impact on daily activities, such as driving • The differential diagnosis between the subtypes of MCI may be important to consider

  29. Acknowledgments Co-authors - Susan Murtha, PhD (Supervisor) - Jill Rich, PhD - Nicole Anderson, PhD Funding - Canadian Institutes of Health Research Doctoral Award - Annie Kirshenblatt Memorial Scholarship - York University, Faculty of Health Grant

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