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I nteraction of Vitamin B12 and Ancestral Genetic Background with Adiposity in Children

I nteraction of Vitamin B12 and Ancestral Genetic Background with Adiposity in Children. Wilnerys Colberg Hernández Mentors: José R. Fernández PhD & David Allison PhD. Obesity. What is obesity?

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I nteraction of Vitamin B12 and Ancestral Genetic Background with Adiposity in Children

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  1. Interaction of Vitamin B12 and Ancestral Genetic Background with Adiposity in Children Wilnerys Colberg Hernández Mentors: José R. Fernández PhD& David Allison PhD

  2. Obesity What is obesity? Excess body fat accumulated to the magnitude that it may have an adverse effect on health. Obesity is determined differently in adults and children. • BMI = weight(kg) / height²(m²) • BMI • BMI percentile Why is this a concern? • Increasing prevalence • Obesity is associated with numerous health problems • Heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc. • Shortening individuals’ lives • 70% obese children become obese adults (Zhao, J. et.al, 2011)

  3. Obesity prevalence in children

  4. Etiology of obesity Say hi to Gordy! http://theblueprintforlife.com/forum/topics/the-vicious-cycle-of-childhood-obesity

  5. The contribution of environmental and behavioral might sound simple… • Obesity is a complex disease • Individuals respond differently What do we know of the etiology of obesity? • Through the years there has been controversy • Behavioral Nature VS Nurture • Obesity • Environmental • Genetic (Kimm, S. et. al, 2003)

  6. Complex enough? • The etiology is still not completely understood but, • Scientific research are beginning to explore these factors • Efforts focusing these factors and its affect on adiposity • I took interest understanding how these factors interact to influence adiposity Behavioral Obesity Genetic Environmental (McAllister, E. et.al, 2009)

  7. Lets start by… • Scientists have made great advances identifying several genes that might be implicated and have found association between race/ethnicity Obesity Genetic

  8. Genetic variation Ancestral Genetic Background (ADM): • ADM describes the genomic variation between populations. • Examination of DNA variations based on genetic markers • European, African, Amerindian • Genetic Background affects how our bodies capture, store, and release energy from food. How do we capture individuals consumption of food? Obesity Genetic (Darvasi, A. et.al, 2005)

  9. Nutritional Components • Today there is an emerging trend to understand how nutrients affect body composition. • Personalized nutrition advice • Which nutrient(s) should we target? Behavioral Obesity Environmental (Abete, I. et.al, 2011)

  10. Nutrient -> Vitamins -> B12

  11. Vitamin B12 B12 is touted as an energy enhancer, metabolism booster & fat burner Is this true? • Relationship between vitamin B12 and excess body fat is unclear. • Found in animal based foods and fortified food. • Essential for growth, development, producing blood cells, nervous system function. • Regulation of protein and enzymes in metabolism. Behavioral Obesity Environmental (Baltaci, D. et.al, 2012)

  12. Objective To evaluate if the interaction of dietary Vitamin B12 consumption and ADM influences levels of body fat among children from a multi-ethnic sample. Behavioral Obesity Genetic Environmental

  13. Methodology • Subjects from a cross-sectional cohort study : • Sample of 319 children. • Males and females of age 7 to 12 years. • Children were recruited from Birmingham, Alabama. • Pubertal stage assessed by pediatrician according to the criteria of Marshall and Tanner. • Not taking medication known to affect body composition. • Measurements were performed between 2004-2008 at Nutrition Obesity research Center & the Department of Nutrition Sciences at UAB. • Anthropometric measures: • Pubertal status (breast, genitalia, and pubic hair development) • Height (cm) - (stadiometer) • Weight (kg) - (scale-tronix 6702W)

  14. Methods… • Body composition • Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) • Dietary Measures: • Two 24-hour diet recalls administered by a registered dietitian using triple-pass method • Total calories • B12 dietary intake () • Other B vitamins • Ethnicity: • Reported by parents or guardian • Genetic Measures: • Genetic Admixture assessed by ancestry informative markers • Amerindian, African, and European

  15. Statistical Analyses • Analyses were performed using SAS software version 9.3 • Multiple regression model • To estimate the relationships among variables in interest Model #1 Covariates: Total Calories, Height, Age, Sex, Tanner • Log Total Fat • Covariates • B12 Intake • African Admixture • B12 * Afr. Adm.

  16. Multiple Regression Models Model #2 Covariates: Total Calories, Weight, Age, Sex, Tanner Model #3 Covariates: Total Calories, Age, Sex, Tanner • Resting Energy Expenditure • BMI • Covariates • Covariates • B12 Intake • B12 • African Admixture • African Admixture • B12 * Afr. Adm. • B12 * Afr. Adm.

  17. Multiple Regression Models Model #4 Covariates: Total Calories, Age, Sex, Tanner Model #5 Covariates: Total Calories, Height, Age, Sex, Tanner **B-vitamins: Thiamin, Niacin, B6, Riboflavin, Folate & pantothenic acid • Total Lean • Log Total Fat • Covariates • Covariates • B12 • **Other B -vitamins • African Admixture • African Admixture • B12 * Afr. Adm. • B vitamins * Afr. Adm.

  18. Results: model #1 Table 1. Baseline Descriptive Statistics Table 2. Parameter Estimates for Interaction and Simple Effect Terms P-value for model Table 3. Percent of Variability Explained * Standard Deviation **Percentage of total sample (n=319)

  19. Results: model #1 Fig 1. 3D representation of the interaction of B12 with African Admixture on Body Fat African ADM

  20. Results: model #1 Fig 2. 2D representation of the interaction of B12 with African Admixture on Log Body Fat Afr. ADM

  21. Results: Results: model #5 None of the other B-vitamins had any significant associations

  22. Discussion/Conclusion • This study demonstrates that the differences in body fat observed in children may be explained in part by the interaction of dietary micronutrients with individuals’ ADM. Fig. 2 2D representation of the interaction of B12 intake & Afr. Adm with Log body fat

  23. Discussion/Conclusion • Also, the mechanism by which the interaction of B12 and Afr. Adm. does not seem to be related to resting energy expenditure since no significant association was found in the regression model. • Further study is needed to understand how individuals’ ancestral background and nutrient consumption may contribute to adiposity levels. • This study may help our understanding of the etiology of obesity, hopefully for the development of nutritional intervention strategies.

  24. Acknowledgments • NSF (EPSCoR: 1158862) • SSG • University of Alabama at Birmingham • Universidad Metropolitana • Dr. José Fernández • Dr. Hemant Tiwari • Michelle Brown Bohan PhD • Kenneth P. Kell M.Eng • Keith E. Pearson

  25. Any questions???

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