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Roots:

Roots:. Cata = down catacombs Caust = to burn caustic Ceed = to yield recede Ceive = to take receive Celer = fast accelerate Cent = hundred centipede Centr = center egocentric Cephalo = head encephalitis Cerebro = brain cerebral Cert = sure certain.

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  1. Roots: Cata = down catacombs Caust = to burn caustic Ceed = to yield recede Ceive = to take receive Celer = fast accelerate Cent = hundred centipede Centr = center egocentric Cephalo = head encephalitis Cerebro = brain cerebral Cert = sure certain

  2. MECHANICAL WEATHERING CHAPTER 5.1 WEATHERING Chemical Weathering

  3. MECHANICAL WEATHERING Occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition.

  4. MECHANICAL WEATHERING Three main mechanical weathering forces: Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces which provides more surface area for chemical weathering processes. Talus = large piles of broken rock. Pg. 127 Figure 2 Pg. 127 Figure 3

  5. MECHANICAL WEATHERING Three main mechanical weathering forces: When large masses of igneous rock are exposed from uplifting and erosion of overlying rocks. Pg 128 Figure 4 Exfoliation = when outer layers of rock separate and break loose.

  6. MECHANICAL WEATHERING Three main mechanical weathering forces: Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces by the actions of plants, burrowing animals and humans. Pg. 128 Figure 5

  7. Chemical Weathering Transformation of rock into one or more NEW compounds.

  8. Chemical Weathering • Most important agent of chemical weathering. • Absorbs gases from air and ground. • Oxygen in water reacts to form oxides (like rust). • Carbon Dioxide in water reacts to form carbonic acid. • Sulfur and Nitrogen oxides in water turn into acids that can erode monuments and structures.

  9. Chemical Weathering • Granite is mostly feldspar and quartz. • Carbonic acid in water turns the feldspar into clay. • Quartz is released and washed away.

  10. Chemical Weathering • Silicates make up most of Earth’s crust. • Composed of 8 elements . • Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are carried away by ground water. • Iron becomes rust. • Aluminum, silicon and oxygen turn to clay.

  11. Chemical Weathering • When chemical weathering changes both the physical shape and the chemical composition of the rock. • Water rounds corners and edges fastest making them rounded. Pg. 131 Figures A & B

  12. RATE OF WEATHERING Physical characteristics of a specific rock (like cracks) influence waterproofing.

  13. RATE OF WEATHERING 2. Mineral composition determines a rock’s resistance to weathering.

  14. RATE OF WEATHERING 3. Crystal formation determines a rock’s resistance to decomposition. (Olivine crystallizes first and weathers rapidly; Quartz crystallizes last and weathers slowly.)

  15. RATE OF WEATHERING 4. Climate (especially temperature and moisture) determines the frequency of freeze-thaw cycles, etc.

  16. RATE OF WEATHERING 5. Differential weathering refers to different parts of a rock that may weather at different rates.

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