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Trace gases measurements in convective outflow by MOZAIC: preliminary results

Trace gases measurements in convective outflow by MOZAIC: preliminary results. Johnny Luo City College of New York, CUNY. MOZAIC FACTS : 1994-present (transition to IAGOS) Measuring temperature, humidity, and O 3 ( NO x and CO since 2000) ;

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Trace gases measurements in convective outflow by MOZAIC: preliminary results

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  1. Trace gases measurements in convective outflow by MOZAIC: preliminary results Johnny Luo City College of New York, CUNY

  2. MOZAIC FACTS: • 1994-present (transition to IAGOS) • Measuring temperature, humidity, and O3 (NOx and CO since 2000); • Temperature/Humidity: PT100/HUMIDCAP-H (accuracy: 0.5 K/RH 5%) • Ozone: Dual beam UV absorption instrument (accuracy: 2 ppb) • CO: Infrared CO analyzer (accuracy: 5 ppb) • Response time: 1 min for humidity and 30 s for CO; • Flight cruise levels: ~ 300-200 hPa; MOZAIC: Measurements of OZone and wAtervapour by Airbus In-Service airCraft

  3. Level of maximum outflow in the SEAC4RS region is ~10-12 km, close to the cruise level of MOZAIC flights. Luo et al. 2011

  4. RHi (%) O3 (ppb) CO (ppb)

  5. India (197 for Aug & Sep) Latitude Bay of Bengal (55 for Aug & Sep) Longitude

  6. Bay of Bengal Convection defined by RHi Clear Convection Clear Convection O3 (ppb) O3 (ppb) Clear Convection Convection Clear CO (ppb) CO (ppb)

  7. Bay of Bengal Convection defined by RHi Ozone sounding across the Atlantic Clear Convection Clear Convection O3 (ppb) O3 (ppb) Kley et al. (2007) Clear Convection Convection Clear O3 and CO in the convective outflow reflect their concentrations in the marine boundary layer (relatively pristine?). CO (ppb) CO (ppb)

  8. Red: 300-275 hPa Pink: 275-250 hPa Yellow: 250-227 hPa Green: 227-207 hPa Blue: <207 hPa Tracer-tracer relationship: O3 and CO near deep convective outflow are positively correlated

  9. India subcontinent Convection defined by RHi O3 (ppb) O3 (ppb) Convection Clear Convection Clear Convection Clear CO (ppb) CO (ppb) Convection Clear

  10. Bay of Bengal India subcontinent Convection defined by RHi Convection Clear O3 (ppb) O3 (ppb) Convection Clear Convection Clear Convection Convection Clear Clear CO (ppb) CO (ppb) Convection Clear

  11. India subcontinent Bay of Bengal Tracer-tracer relationship: less correlation in the India subcontinent than Bay of Bengal

  12. A Flight Plan Convective outflow Convective boundary layer Cumulus congestus (a “mysterious” cloud type in the tropics) Johnson et al. 1999

  13. Some science questions about cumulus congestus: Why do they cease to grow? (Previous studies suggest a weak stable layer near the melting level ~ 5 km) Do they moisten the middle troposphere, paving the way for deeper convection? What are the characteristic vertical velocities inside the cumulus congestus? Do they pump PBL trace gases just like deep convection?

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