Unit IV

1. Unit IV • Global Interactions Izydorczak

2. Unit IV • The Renaissance Izydorczak

3. Renaissance: King Henry VIII “re-birth” of classics and culture; humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century and later spread throughout Europe. Izydorczak

4. Humanism: Cultural and intellectual movement of the Renaissance that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the rediscovery and study of the literature, art, and civilization of ancient Greece and Izydorczak

5. Secularism: worldly focus rather than religious . Izydorczak

6. Patron: Someone who provides support to a specific cause and/or person/people. Izydorczak

7. Vernacular: Hola — Hello, hi Everyday language of a people. . "Xie Xie" 谢谢. "Xie Xie 谢谢" means "Thank you". bonjour, hello Izydorczak

8. Johann Gutenberg: Inventor of the printing press . Izydorczak

9. Machiavelli, Niccolo • (1469-1527) Italian historian, statesman, and political philosopher of the Renaissance. His greatest work is The Prince, a book of political advice to rulers in which he describes the methods that a prince should use to acquire and maintain political power. This book was used to defend policies of despotism and tyranny. Machiavelli wrote that a ruler should take any action to remain in power, or that “the ends justify the means.” Izydorczak

10. Renaissance People: MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI 1496 - 1564 Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dante, Raphael, Shakespeare Da Vinci Raphael Izydorczak

11. Unit IV • Reformation Izydorczak

12. Protestant Reformation: (Reformation) 15th and 16th century European religious schism of the Catholic church giving origins to new Christian religions of Lutheranism, Calvinism and the Anglican Church of England . Izydorczak

13. Luther, Martin Catholic monk. His disagreements with various Catholic traditions led to the founding to the Protestant Church. Izydorczak

14. Indulgence: Letters of forgiveness for one's sins provided by the medieval Church, and one of the causes of the Reformation. . Izydorczak

15. 95 Theses: Martin Luther's questions for debate surrounding the practices of the Catholic Church symbolizing the beginning of the Protestant Reformation . Izydorczak

16. Heretic (heresy): People whose religious beliefs differ than those of the church. Izydorczak

17. Calvin, John: (1509-1564) Theologian and church reformer who developed a form of Protestantism during the Reformation. His church is known for the idea of predestination, which states certain people are predestined for heaven. Izydorczak

18. Predestination: The idea of Calvinist Protestants that certain people were pre-selected to go to heaven. . Izydorczak

19. Henry VIII: King of England who transformed his country into a Protestant nation during the Reformation. Izydorczak

20. Counter (Catholic) Reformation: 16th century movement within Catholic Church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal. Izydorczak

21. Council of Trent: A long standing meeting of Catholic Church leaders that reformed and reaffirmed Church beliefs and customs. Izydorczak

22. Jesuits: Members of the Society of Jesus, a religious group (order) that started during the Counter-Reformation; started by Ignatius Loyola. Izydorczak

23. Inquisition: Roman Catholic church court in charge of investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s. Izydorczak

24. Unit IV • Muslim Expansion (Ottoman Empire) Izydorczak

25. Ottoman Empire: Hereditary nation state centered in Turkey. It was founded in the late 13th century after the collapse of the Byzantine Empire and extended across most of Asia Minor and the Middle East. Ottoman coat of arms Ottoman coat of arms Izydorczak

26. Suleiman: (1494-1566) Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and considered to be their greatest ruler. Under his leadership, the Ottoman Empire reached its greatest height. Izydorczak

27. Janissaries: Ottoman army elite warriors. Izydorczak

28. Sultan: Title for Islamic (Ottoman) rulers of Muslim country, kingdom, or empire. Izydorczak

29. Akbar the Great: Akbar 1543 - 1605 A.D. (1542-1605) Sultan of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion. Izydorczak

30. Taj Mahal: Mosque/tomb in Agra India built by Shah Jahan for his most beloved wife. Now stands as a symbol of cultural diffusion. Izydorczak

31. Yuan Dynasty: Mongol dynasty (non-Chinese) that ruled China for less than 100yrs; Started by Kublai Khan. Izydorczak

32. Mongol leader who ruled China as Emperor. Kublai Khan: Izydorczak Kublai Khan and Marco Polo

33. Marco Polo: Traveler from Venice (Italian city-state) who served Kublai Khan for 17 yrs.. Izydorczak

34. “God, Gold, Glory” 3 G’s: Slogan the age of exploration identifying motivating factors for exploring the new world. Morning Glory Izydorczak God Almighty (van Eyck)

35. Unit III • Mughals of India Izydorczak

36. British East India Company: A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years. Izydorczak

37. Dutch East India Company: Dutch merchants forming an association to increase profits and protect shipping interests. Izydorczak

38. Treaty of Tordesillas Pope set a dividing line between Spanish and Portuguese trading interests. Izydorczak

39. Unit IV • Mongols (Yuan) Izydorczak

40. Isolationism: A policy of avoiding political or military (some times economic) involvement with other countries. Izydorczak

41. Ming Dynasty: Chinese dynasty known for restoring Confucian gov’t/principals/traditions, as well as ISOLATING China from foreign influence. Izydorczak

42. Unit IV • Exploration & Isolation Izydorczak

43. Zheng He: Chinese naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of ASIA, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death. Izydorczak Zheng He

44. Ethnocentrism Belief that your culture is superior to others. Izydorczak

45. Terrace Farming: The cutting out of flat areas on hillsides for the purpose of farming – looks like steps on the side of hills/mountains Izydorczak

46. Population Density: The number of people per sq. mile. Izydorczak

47. Homogeneous: A society with the same racial or ethnic make-up. Izydorczak

48. Selective Borrowing: Process of one culture picking/choosing aspects of another culture and making them part of their own way of life. Ex. Japan’s “selectively borrowing" aspects of Chinese culture Izydorczak

49. Haiku Poetry: An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond, splash! Silence again. 3 line poem w/17 syllables that express a single thought or feeling by Basho (1644-1694) Izydorczak

50. Kabuki & Noh Theatre: Feudal Japanese theatre that performed comedic/dramatic presentations of everyday life or historical events – performed by only men [Kabuki]. Japanese opera [Noh] Noh Theater Scene Japanese Kabuki Izydorczak