The Struggle for North America

1. Why do people take risks? The Struggle for North America

2. Lesson 3 Colonists Protest British Rule Lesson 4 The Revolution Begins Lesson 5 Declaration of Independence Lesson 6 Fighting the War Lesson 7 American Victories Lesson 8 The War Ends

3. What caused the colonists to unite against Great Britain? Colonists Protest British Rule Lesson 3 Vocabulary Stamp Act boycott repeal delegates 7

4. Colonists Protest British Rule MC 1 Great Britain raised the taxes on the colonists to pay for the French and Indian War. SA Colonists thought the taxes were unfair. They objected to taxation without representation. They did not have a say in government. SAAfter the passage of the Stamp Act, the colonists began to boycott British goods and the group the Sons of Liberty was formed.

5. Colonists Protest British Rule SAAfter the passage of the Townshend Acts, the colonists boycotted any merchant who sold British goods.In response and fear to the colonists, the British sent troops to the colonies to keep them under control. MC 2 Boston Massacre: colonists and British soldiers

6. Colonists Protest British Rule SA The Sons of Liberty dressed up as Mohawk Indians and emptied chests of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the taxes Britain was placing on the colonists.

7. What caused the American Revolution? The Revolution Begins Lesson 4 Vocabulary militia ammunition 5

8. The Revolution Begins MC 6-7 Listen, my children, and you shall hearOf the midnight ride of Paul Revere,On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;Hardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, "If the British marchBy land or sea from the town to-night,Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry archOf the North Church tower as a signal light,One, if by land, and two, if by sea;And I on the opposite shore will be,Ready to ride and spread the alarmThrough every Middlesex village and farm,For the country folk to be up and to arm. -“Paul Revere’s Ride” By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

9. The Revolution Begins FILL BATAt Bunker Hillthe British were able to beat the Americans because they ran out of ammunition. About 400 colonists were killed or wounded, but more than 1,000 British soldiers were killed or wounded. It could be argued the Americans won. FILL BATAtLexington and Concordno one knows who fired the first shot to start the American Revolution, but it is known as “the shot heard ‘round the world.”

10. The Revolution Begins FILLmilitia – volunteer soldiers who fight in emergencies FILLammunition – musket balls and gunpowder MC 5a cannon at Ft. Ticonderoga FILL BATAtFort Ticonderogathe Americans with Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys helped Benedict Arnold capture this fort without firing a shot.

11. Why is the Second Continental Congress important? The Declaration of Independence Lesson 5 Vocabulary Continental Army Declaration of Independence FILLContinental Army – the name given to the colonial army led by George Washington 5

12. The Declaration of Independence MC 8Delegates from the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. MC 9A young Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence.

13. The Declaration of Independence SAOn July 4, 1776, the final version of the “Declaration of Independence” was signed. This was a HUGE risk for all the signers because this meant they could be hung for treason. MC 10 “The good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United States are, and of right ought to be free and independent states.” – Declaration of Independence Video clip

14. Why did the war present challenges? Fighting the War Lesson 6 Vocabulary Patriot mercenary Loyalist profiteering inflation

15. Fighting the War MC 11Women gave hope to Americans: • through writing • by taking charge of family farms or businesses • cooking • caring for sick and wounded soldiers FILL inflation – a large rapid rise in prices FILL profiteering – charging high prices from goods that are in short supply FILL Patriot – person who loves his/her country

16. Fighting the War British Army - STRENGTHS • The British had more than 60,000 soldiers in the American colonies. They included mercenaries (Hessians). • British soldiers were well-trained fighters who joined the army for life. • Each soldier carried a musket tipped with a sharp bayonet. • British soldiers were helped by Loyalists. British Army - WEAKNESSES • Soldiers and military supplies sent from Great Britain to the colonies had to be shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. • British soldiers trained to fight on open battlefields, but Patriots fired from hidden positions. • The red uniform coats made British soldiers easy targets. • Some British did not support the war because it raised the taxes they paid. page 172

17. Fighting the War American Army - STRENGTHS • Patriots fought to protect their homes, families, and a new nation • Patriots attacked by surprise, firing from well-protected spots. • Many patriot soldiers used Kentucky long rifles, which were more accurate than muskets. • Citizens supported the army by making musket balls or blankets. Farmers gave food to soldiers. American Army - WEAKNESSES • Gen. Washington never had more than 17,000 soldiers at any time in the war. • Soldiers signed up for six months. That was not long enough to fight on open battlefields. • Lack of uniforms, especially shoes, was a constant problem. • Some Americans hid supplies or sold food to the army at high prices. page 173

18. How did Patriots influencethe war? American Victories Lesson 7 Vocabulary desert Treaty of Alliance

19. American Victories On the evening of December 25: • General Washington led the Continental Army across the Delaware River for a surprise attack. • They were going to surprise the Hessian soldiers in Trenton, New Jersey. • The Americans needed a victory because they were low on shoes and supplies, and they were losing hope that they could win the war. • When they landed in Trenton, New Jersey, the surprised Hessians quickly surrendered to the Americans. • Washington only lost two men – both froze to death.

20. American Victories FILL BATBattle of Saratoga - British General John Burgoyne surrendered because they lost more troops at Freeman’s Farm and their supply wagons got stuck on forest roads. This marked the turning point for the Patriots.

21. American Victories FILL BATValley Forge - American army became a well-trained, fighting force able to defeat the British under the strict training of Baron Friedrich von Steuben.

22. American Victories “I have not yet begun to fight!” – John Paul Jones MC 12John Paul Jones = “Father of the American Navy” Video clip

23. How did the Revolution affect life in America? The War Ends Lesson 8 Vocabulary blockade Treaty of Paris MC 13 Charles Cornwallis was a leader of the British army. George Washington was a leader of the American army.

24. The War Ends MC 14 In the South, the British won battles BUT lost a lot of their troops. FILL BATYorktown - Gen. Cornwallis surrendered because he was surrounded by a French blockade on one side and Washington and Lafayette’s armies on the other side. This was the last major battle of the war. MC 15 The Treaty of Paris 1783 was an agreement between the British and the colonists to end the American Revolution. Great Britain had to recognize American independence.

25. The War Ends Results of the war: The United States won independence. Many Loyalists moved to Canada or the western frontier. Many Native Americans lost their land. Americans felt justified because Native Americans had sided with the British. MC 16 After the war slavery continued in the new nation. “All men are created equal” did not apply to enslaved Africans. The government needed the support of Southern plantation owners who depended on slavery.

26. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.