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MUSIC FOR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

MUSIC FOR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT. By Dr. Manjiree Vikas Gokhale. Musical Instruments Western Classification. In this olden but popular method of classification, the instruments are classified in 4 categories, according to the vibrating medium and style.

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MUSIC FOR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

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  1. MUSIC FOR INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT By Dr. Manjiree Vikas Gokhale

  2. Musical InstrumentsWestern Classification • In this olden but popular method of classification, the instruments are classified in 4 categories, according to the vibrating medium and style. • This classification was done with an Orchestra as the basis. • Strings • Woodwinds • Brass • Percussions

  3. Strings They are the instruments where sound is produced by vibrating the strings. This can be done by plucking, bowing, tapping or sometimes striking the string. They form the largest group in an orchestra. They are called as the ‘heart of the orchestra’. The Violin, Viola, Cello, Double bass, etc. are the most popular in this group.

  4. The Violin It has its origin in Italy. It flourished around 1600 to 1750 A.D. It’s sound quality is closest to human voice.

  5. The Double Bass It is also known as contrabass or bass viol. As its name suggests, it plays the bass part in harmony. It is the lowest in range in the violin group.

  6. From smallest to biggest: Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass

  7. Wood Winds These instruments in olden times were made of wood, though in recent times they are made of different metals, too. Wind is blown in a pipe and the air column inside starts vibrating, producing sound. The air column is set to vibrations either by blowing in a mouth hole or mouth piece with single or double reed.

  8. The Clarinet group Saxonette Bass Clarinet A Clarinet Turkish Clarinet Clarinet Piccolo

  9. Different flutes

  10. Saxophone

  11. Brass These used to be blowing instruments made of brass. In recent years these may be made of steel, too. Like the wood wind family an air column is made to vibrate by blowing through a mouth piece of single or double reeds.

  12. Trumpet Trombone

  13. French Horn Tuba

  14. In this family sound is produced by striking or shaking . These instruments are made of wood, metal or drums made of stretched skin. They can be rhythmic or melodic percussions. Some have a definite pitch while some some are of indefinite pitch. In an orchestra they are referred to as ‘the battery’. These instruments give rhythm and add excitement and colour to the music. Percussions

  15. Various Drums

  16. Rhythmic Percussions Melodic Percussions

  17. Drums

  18. Celesta Xylophone

  19. Cymbals Chimes

  20. Different types of tambourines Triangles

  21. Others Piano Accordion Piano Keyboard/Synthesizer

  22. New Classification • Today, the most widely used system of classification for musical instruments is the Hornbostel-Sachs system, developed during the 1910s. This was the first system that could be applied to instruments the world over. • In this system, there are five families established according to the component that vibrates to produce a sound: • The drum family or membrophones • The stringed instruments or chordophones • The wind instruments or aerophones • The percussion instruments or idiophones • The electronic circuit instruments or electrophones

  23. These names derived from Greek and Latin words. Phonos = sounding Membro = membrane Chordo = string Aero = air column Idio = self sounding Electro = electric circuit Thus deriving the words Membrophone, Chordophone, Aerophone, Idiophone, Electrophone.

  24. Membrophones In this family, the sounding or vibrating material of the instruments are made of stretched skin or membrane. All the Drums come under this group. All Drums have a skin or membrane that is struck either with a stick or the hands or a combination of stick and hand. Teueikan Rada drum

  25. Chordophones The vibrating element of this family are the strings. Strings are plucked (like the guitar), struck (like the piano) or rubbed with a bow (like the violin). Tenor Banjo Guitars

  26. Aerophones The primary vibrating agent of the family of aerophones is a column of air contained in a tube, as is the case for flutes and trumpets. Whistles, Flutes, accordions, clarinet, trumpet, mouth organ or harmonica, etc. all come under this group. Harmonica Whistle Oboe Bagpipe

  27. Idiophones In the family of idiophones, sound is produced from the substance of the instrument itself, being solid or elastic enough not to require a stretched membranes or strings. Percussion instruments form a highly varied family. Idiophones are made from a resonant material - wood, bamboo, gourd, metal - whose resonance is created in various ways, either by striking, shaking, rubbing, scraping or plucking the instruments. Gongs Carillon Singing Bowls

  28. Electrophones All modern digital, electronic and computerized instruments are included in this family. In this family sound is produced by electric circuits. The amplification of sound is done by electronics. Electronic Tanpura Keyboard Electric Guitar

  29. Bibliography Web: Images/google search http://carillon.engin.umich.edu/lurie/ http://www.civilization.ca/arts/resonance/resa_10e.html http://www.1upinfo.com/encyclopedia/categories/muinst.html Books : The Enjoyment of Music by Joseph Machlis, New York

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