U.S.-Soviet Relations U.S .= Capitalistic society; U.S.S.R.= Communist society

1. U.S.-Soviet Relations • U.S.= Capitalistic society; U.S.S.R.= Communist society • Suspicions rise on both sides • The United Nations • 1945, United Nations established as new peacekeeping body • UN becomes arena where U.S., U.S.S.R. compete to spread influence over other countries Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

2. Truman Becomes President • Harry S. Truman succeeds FDR as president • As vice-president, Truman was not included in policy decisions • The Potsdam Conference • July 1945 conference with U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union • Stalin does not allow free, multiparty elections in Poland • Both countries begin bargaining for their own interests Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

3. Capitalism Free Market Buy Sell Economy Communism Government Control Economy No Freedoms Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

4. Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe • United States emerges from the war as great economic power • Soviet Union also has great economic, military strength • Unlike U.S., Soviet Union suffered heavy devastation on own soil (20 million deaths) • Installs communist rule in satellite nations, countries it dominates • 1946, Stalin announces war between communism, capitalism inevitable Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

5. United Nations Countries Meet Discuss World War Charades Without speaking, pantomime Capitalism. Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

6. United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • U.S. policy of containment—measures to prevent spread of communism • Churchill describes division of Europe as iron curtain • East= Communist • West= Democratic Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

7. The Truman Doctrine • 1945–1991 Cold War—conflict between U.S., U.S.S.R. •Truman Doctrine—announced in 1947 providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents • The Marshall Plan • 1947, Sec. of State George Marshall proposes aid to nations in need • • Marshall Plan- proposed in 1947, U.S. supplies economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after WWII. • -revives 16 nations; Communist parties less appealing Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

8. The Berlin Airlift • • 1948, Stalin closes highway, rail routes into West Berlin • • Berlin airlift—Britain, U.S. fly food, supplies into West Berlin • • 1949, Stalin lifts blockade • • Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic form • The NATO Alliance • Fear of Soviets leads to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • European nations, U.S., Canada pledge mutual military support Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

9. Charades Without speaking, pantomime Containment. Charades Without speaking, pantomime The Iron Curtain. Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

10. Marshall Plan Money Europe Friends Communism Rebuild Pictionary Without using letters or words, get the class to say COLD WAR Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

11. Nationalists Versus Communists • Chinese Communists battle nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek • Communists, led by Mao Zedong, work to get peasant support • Peasants flock to Red Army; by 1945, communists control north China • Renewed Civil War • 1944–47, U.S. sends military aid to Nationalists to oppose communism • 1949, Nationalists flee to island of Taiwan • Communists establish People’s Republic of China in mainland (U.S. does not recognize) • America Reacts to Communist Takeover • U.S. public stunned- Containment had failed! • Conservatives blame Truman for not sending enough aid Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

12. “What a pilot would say during the Berlin Airlift.” Taiwan Island Coast China Pacific War Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

13. A Divided Country • • 38thparallel (38º N latitude) divides Japanese surrender in Korea • • North of 38th parallel surrenders to U.S.S.R.; south to U.S. • • Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (north), Republic of Korea (south) founded • North Korea Attacks South Korea • June 25,1950- North Korea invades South, begins Korean War • MacArthur put in command of South Korean, U.S., other forces • Fighting is back-and-forth, essentially a battle between Communist China and America Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

14. Charades Without speaking, get your classmates to say Berlin Airlift “What Mao Zedong would say about the benefits of Communism in China.” Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

15. MacArthur Recommends Attacking China • MacArthur calls for war with China; Truman rejects request because of Soviet aid to China • By April 1951, UN troops recapture Seoul, situation the same as it had been before the fighting began • MacArthur Versus Truman • MacArthur continues to push for invasion of China; Truman fires him • Public outraged over hero’s dismissal • Investigation proves Truman’s opinion correct, public opinion swings against MacArthur Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

16. Duet “What MacArthur would say about the need to invade China.” What Truman would say about why he had to fire MacArthur.” Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

17. Settling for Stalemate • 1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire (June 23) • 1953 armistice: Korea still divided; demilitarized zone established • Lack of success, high human, financial costs help elect Eisenhower • American Sentiments • Communist takeover of Eastern Europe, China fuel fear of its spread • 100,000 in U.S. Communist Party; some fear may be loyal to U.S.S.R. Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

18. Charades Without speaking, get your classmates to say, Red Scare Duet “What a communist and capitalist might say.” Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

19. The House Un-American Activities Committee • • House Un-American Activities Committee investigates Communist ties • • Investigates Communist influence in movie industry • • Hollywood Ten refuse to testify, sent to prison • • Hollywood blacklist—people condemned for having Communist ties, cannot get work • Alger Hiss • • Alger Hiss accused of spying for Soviet Union; convicted of perjury • • Congressman Richard Nixon gains fame for pursuing charges Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

20. Blacklist BLACK LIST Work Hire Job 38th Parallel North South Korea 37th 39th Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

21. The Rosenbergs • • 1949, Soviets explode atomic bomb sooner than expected • • Physicist Klaus Fuchs admits giving information about U.S. bomb • • Ethel, Julius Rosenberg, minor Communist Party activists, implicated • • Rosenbergssentenced to death; Supreme Court upholds conviction • McCarthy’s Tactics • • Senator Joseph McCarthy a strong anti-Communist activist • • McCarthyism—attacking suspected Communists without evidence • • McCarthy claims Communists in State Department Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

22. Categories Without using your notes, take turns listing individuals involved in the Cold War. Categories Without using your notes, take turns listing events or policies of the Cold War. Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

23. McCarthy’s Downfall • 1954, McCarthy accuses members of U.S. Army • Televised hearings show him bullying witnesses • Loses public support; Senate condemns him for improper conduct • Race for the H-Bomb • • H-bomb—hydrogen bomb—nuclear weapon more powerful than atom bomb • • 1952, U.S. explodes first H-bomb; 1953, Soviets explode one • The Policy of Brinkmanship • • John Foster Dulles, secretary of state under Dwight D. Eisenhower • • Dulles proposes brinkmanship policy: • - willingness to risk nuclear war to prevent spread of communism • • Nuclear threat unlike any before Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

24. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Group Nations Defensive Attack Mao Zedong Communist Leader China Started Asia Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

25. Covert Actions in the Middle East and Latin America • • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) uses spies to gather information • • CIA helps governments in both Iran and Guatemala get back in U.S. favor • The Warsaw Pact • U.S.-Soviet relations thaw after Stalin’s death in 1953 • West Germany’s entry into NATO scares Soviets • Form Warsaw Pact—military alliance with 7 Eastern European countries • The Eisenhower Doctrine • • Soviet prestige in Middle East rises because of support for Egypt • • Eisenhower Doctrine—U.S. will defend Middle East against communists Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

26. Pictionary Using the back of your notes, get your partner to say the term BRINKMANSHIP by drawing a graphic representation of the term. Joseph McCarthy Senator Accuse Communists Say Threaten Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

27. A New Soviet Leader • • Nikita Khrushchev emerges as new Soviet leader; favors: • - peaceful coexistence and economic, scientific competition • The Space Race • October 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite • Shocked Americans pour money into own space program • A U-2 Is Shot Down • • CIA makes secret high-altitude flights with U-2 to spy on Soviets • • Eisenhower wants flights discontinued before Krushchev summit • • Francis Gary Powers shot down on last flight over Soviet territory Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

28. CIA Central Intelligence Agency Information Gather Organization Spies Warsaw Pact NATO Group Nations Attack Communist Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

29. Renewed Confrontation • • Eisenhower first denies, then concedes U-2 was spying • • Agrees to stop flights, refuses to apologize as Khrushchev demands • • U-2 incident renews tension between superpowers; summit cancelled Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.

30. Scale 4) Student can compare and contrast the people and events that shaped the Cold War. 3) Student can analyze the people and events that shaped the Cold War. 2) Students can explain the people and events that shaped the Cold War. 1) Students can recognize the people and events that shaped the Cold War. Students will be able to analyze the people and events that shaped the social, political, and economic characteristics of the Cold War.