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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG STUDENTS OF A MULTI-NATIONALITY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL IN JEDDAH. DONE BY : ALI DEHIGI JAFAR AL-SHARDI. SUPPERVISED BY : DR. MAJED WAKID. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION AIMS OF PROJECT MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION.

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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

  2. INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG STUDENTS OF A MULTI-NATIONALITY INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL IN JEDDAH DONE BY : ALI DEHIGI JAFAR AL-SHARDI SUPPERVISED BY : DR. MAJED WAKID

  3. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • AIMS OF PROJECT • MATERIALS AND METHODS • RESULTS • DISCUSSION • CONCLUSION

  4. What is the parasite ? Parasite is an organism living in or on another living organism, obtaining from it part or all of its organic nutriment, usually to the detriment (harm) of its host.

  5. What are the intestinal parasites? • Intestinal parasites are organisms that inhabit the gastro- intestinal tract of the host. • They are often spread by poor hygiene related to feces, contact with animals, or poorly cooked food.

  6. WHO • Intestinal parasites are one of the public health problems worldwide,especially in tropical and subtropical countries. • Some 3.5 billion peopleare affected • Some 450 million of them are symptomatic. • 2,00,000 deaths annually are directly attributed to the intestinal parasites.

  7. How are intestinal parasites transmitted? • Poor sanitation and hygiene. • Contaminated foods & drinks. • Lack health education. • Via vectors. • Skin penetration.

  8. OF INTESTINAL PARASITESCLASSIFICATION PROTOZOA HELMINTHS

  9. INTESTINAL PROTOZOA Coccidia Amoeba Flagellate Ciliate E. histolytica G. lamblia B. coli C. parvum

  10. INTESTINAL HELMINTHS Nematoda Trematoda Cestoda Hymnolepis nana Heterophyesheterophyes Ascarislumbricoides

  11. AIMS OF THE PROJECT • To study prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the chosen intermediate school in Jeddah. • To compare the results between Retchie technique and direct technique. • To study prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum by using Modified Kinyoun’s Stain. • To compare the result of Modified Kinyoun’s Stain with CERTEST CRYPTO CARD. • To study prevalence of Giardialambliaby using CERTEST GIARDIA CARD. • To study the correlation between intestinal parasitic infection and several parameters.

  12. MATERIALS AND METHODS

  13. IN COOPERATION WITH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCHOOL HEALTH UNIT

  14. Questionnaire form

  15. SAMPLES COLLECTION Stool samples were collected from students of an intermediate school

  16. DIRECT SMEAR The steps of direct smear: Glass microscope slide Stool sample Wooden stick Saline and Iodine

  17. FORMAL ETHER SEDIMENTATION TECHNIQUE In this technique four layers formed: Top layer of ether Plug of debris Layer of formalin Sediment

  18. MODIFIED KINYOUN STAIN This technique useful for detection Cryptospridium • Thin fecal smear was prepared • The smear was fixed with methanol for 1 min • Slide was stained with Kinyoun’sCarbolFuchsin for 3 min • Decolonization with acidified alcohol to several dips • Water washing • Staining with methylene blue for 1 min • Water washing • Microscopic examination

  19. CERTEST CRYPTO CARD Principle of this test use one step immunochromatographic system and by using mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against antigen of Cryptosporidium 1) 150 mg of stool sample was dissolved well with diluente 2) 4 drops were dispensed. 3) at 10 minutes the colored band can be read.

  20. CERTEST GIARDIA CARD Principle of this test is immunochromatographic assay for detection Giardia in stool samples. The membrane is precoated with antibodies on the test band region against Giardia antigen. 1) 150 mg of stool sample was dissolved well with diluente 2) 4 drops was dispensed. 3) at 10 minutes the colored band can be read.

  21. Statistical analysis

  22. RESULTS

  23. NUMBER AND AGE OF STUDENTS • Multi- nationalities male governmental intermediate school. • 120 students were included in this study. • Age ranged between 12 – 18 years (15 ± 1.38)

  24. PERCENTAGE OF STUDENTS AGE 28.3% 17.5% 22.5% 19.2% 1.7% 7.5% 3.3%

  25. NATIONALITIES OF STUDENTS The students were from 11 countries: • Yemeni (30%) • Saudi (21.7%) • Afghani (20.8%) • Palestinian (3.3%) • Nigerian (2.5%) • Chadian (13.3%) • Somali (0.8%) • Sudanese (5%) • Turkish (0.8%) • Pakistani (0.8%) • Blushestani (0.8%)

  26. PERCENTAGE OF NATIONALITIES

  27. INFECTION AMONG STUDENTS • 23 (19.2%) students were infected with intestinal parasites. • 97 (80.8%) students were not infected.

  28. PERCENTAGE OF INFECTED STUDENTS 80.8% 19.2%

  29. %a: calculated to the total number %b: calculated to the infected number.

  30. INFECTION PER NATIONALITY

  31. DETECTED PARASITES Six parasites were detected among the students: • Blastocystishominis • Endolimax nana • Entameoba coli • Entameobahistolytica • Giardialamblia • Hymenolepis nana

  32. DETECTION BY MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES %a calculated to the total number of students. %b calculated to the infected number of students. %c calculated to the total number of detected parasite.

  33. DETECTION BY USIND MODIFIED KINYOUN STAIN Non of the 120 samples reacted positively for Cryptosporidium oocyst.

  34. DETECTION BY USING CERTEST CRYPTO CARD Non of the 120 samples reacted positively with CERTEST CRYPTO CARD

  35. DETECTION BY USING CERTEST GIARDIA CARD Among 120 samples, 4 samples reacted positively with CERTEST GIARDIA CARD

  36. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

  37. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION • Prevalence of parasitic infection was 19.2% • Students were from 11 countries • Students from six countries were infected, Yemenis (39.13%), Saudis (26.08%), Afghanis (13.4%), Chadians (8.7%), Sudanese (8.7%) and Palestinians (4.35%).

  38. Only 12 samples were positive with direct smears. • 23 samples were positive using Ritchie concentration technique. • Non of the samples gave positive results for Cryptosporidium by staining and CERTEST CRYPTO CARD. • All four positive samples of Giardialambliain microscopic examination reacted positively with CERTEST GIARDIA CARD

  39. Illiterate fathers were 22.5% • Illiterate mothers were 31.7% • 37.5% of students have intestinal symptoms

  40. PERCENTAGE OF SYMPTOMATIC AND ASYMPTOMATIC STUDENTS 62.5% 37.5%

  41. PERCENTAGE OF FATHER EDUCATION 22.5% 23.3% 24.2% 20% 7.5% 1.7% 0.8% Father education

  42. PERCENTAGE OF MOTHER EDUCATION 31.7% 25% 22.5% 16.7% 2.5% 0.8% 0.8% Mother education

  43. FATHER EDUCATION AND INFECTION

  44. MOTHER EDUCATION AND INFECTION

  45. There was no correlation between parasitic infection and parents education. (P = 0.8)

  46. Blastocystishominiswas the common parasite (54.84%) then Entameoba coli (12.90%), Giardialamblia (12.90%), Endolimax nana (9.68%) and Hymenolepis nana ( 3.23%)

  47. Protozoan infection was 96.77% while helminthes infection was 3.23%. • High incidence of infection was in Yemenis followed by Saudis due to the high number of students from these nationalities.

  48. DISTRIBUTION OF INTESTINAL PARASITES PER STUDENTS NATIONALITY

  49. There was no correlation between parasitic infection and nationality. (P = 0.8)

  50. Infection with single parasite was in 73.96% of the infected students. • Double infection was in 17.19%. • Triple infection was in 8.85%.

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