EUMETSAT‘s CM-SAF CDOP2 science overview Rainer Hollmann Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)

1. EUMETSAT‘s CM-SAF CDOP2 science overview Rainer Hollmann Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) http://www.cmsaf.eu

2. Content • Participants • CM SAF in CDOP • CM SAF definitions • User communities & history • CDOP2 portfolio of CM SAF • Generation of CDR’s • CDR examples • Summary

3. Participants II Which course of this event week have you attended? Please vote • 1st - CM SAF Overview (Christine Träger-Chatterjee) • 2nd - Introduction to Software Tools (Jörg Trentmann ) • 3rd -Cloud Retrieval (Karl Göran Karlsson) • 4th - The AVHRR Globala Climate Dataset of Clouds and Radiation (Karl Göran Karlsson) • 5th - Top-of-the-atmosphere Radiation Parameters (Nicolas Clerbaux) • 6th - Surface Radiation Retrieval (Rebekka Posselt ) • 7th - Surface Radiation Climate Dataset from Meteosat (Rebekka Posselt) • 8th - Operational Products on Clouds and Radiation (Anke Kniffka) • 9th - The Ocean Climate Data Set HOAPS (Karsten Fennig) • 10th - Global Moisture and Temperature operational Products (Nathalie Courcoux) • none

4. Content • Participants • CM SAF in CDOP • CM SAF definitions • User communities & history • CDOP2 portfolio of CM SAF • Generation of CDR’s • CDR examples • Summary

5. Product vs Data Set Longterm Short and Intermediate Term Observing system performance monitoring & automated corrections Archived Satellite Data Records Fundamental Climate Data Records Re-calibration &Inter-calibration, Satellite Data Reprocessing Operational Products Thematical Climate Datasets • generated on a monthly basis • First-order satellite calibration • Algorithm and input data not homogeneous over time • Resulting time series not applicablefor all climate monitoring purposes, e.g. trend estimation • Generated on an irregular basis, e.g. every 2 years • Calibrated and homogenized satellite data • Algorithm and auxiliary input data homogeneous over time • Resulting time series fully applicable for climate monitoring purposes, including trend estimation Longer term climate variability & climate change analysis Operational Climate monitoring Schulz (2009), adapted

6. Sustained Climate Information Flow • CM SAF is part of the EUMETSAT Ground Segment • Project-cycle is 5 years.

7. Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF IOP/2004

8. Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF CDOP/2007

9. Sustained Climate Information Flow CM SAF CDOP2/2012

10. Users & products Operational Products Cloud products Thematical Climate Datasets • Cloud phase (CPH) • Cloud top pressure / temperature / height (CTP / CTT / CTH) • Cloud water path (CWP) • Cloud type (CTY) • Cloud optical thickness (COT) • Integrated water vapor (HTW) • Cloud Albedo (CAL) • Solar irradiation at the surface (SIS) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • HOAPS: • Precipitation • Evaporation • Specific humidity • Wind • latent heat TOA Radiation products • TOA incoming solar radiation (TIS) • TOA emitted thermal radiation (TET) • TOA reflected solar radiation (TRS) Surface Radiation products • Surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) • Surface netto longwave radiation (SNS) • Surface outgoing longwave (SOL) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • Surface radiation budget (SRB • Surface netto shortwave (SNS) • Surface Albedo (SAL) Water Vapour/Temp. products • Layered watervapor, temperature, humidity (HLW) • Layered temperature, specific humidiy (HSH) • Vertically integrated water vapor (HTW)

11. Users & products Operational Products Indicate (e.g. with a star) which product have you been using/ ordering / planning to use! Cloud products • Cloud phase (CPH) • Cloud top pressure / temperature / height (CTP / CTT / CTH) • Cloud water path (CWP) • Cloud type (CTY) • Cloud optical thickness (COT) Thematical Climate Datasets TOA Radiation products • Integrated water vapor (HTW) • Cloud Albedo (CAL) • Solar irradiation at the surface (SIS) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • HOAPS: • Precipitation • Evaporation • Specific humidity • Wind • latent heat • TOA incoming solar radiation (TIS) • TOA emitted thermal radiation (TET) • TOA reflected solar radiation (TRS) Surface Radiation products • Surface downwelling longwave radiation (SDL) • Surface netto longwave radiation (SNS) • Surface outgoing longwave (SOL) • Direct irradiation at the surface (SID) • Surface radiation budget (SRB • Surface netto shortwave (SNS) • Surface Albedo (SAL) Water Vapour/Temp. products • Layered watervapor, temperature, humidity (HLW) • Layered temperature, specific humidiy (HSH) • Vertically integrated water vapor (HTW)

12. Users & products • Orders show: • strong demand of climate data sets • demand for higher spatial / temporal resolution • demand for Climate services

13. Targeted User Communities • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e.g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. • Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV)related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies

14. Targeted User Communities • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e.g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. • Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV)related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies • Support to global and regional climate modelling • use of Climate Data Records for model evaluations, feedback studies, and uncertainty studies • these datasets needed at high(er) temporal and spatial resolutions • most recent satellite instrument, onlycover short time periods.

15. Targeted User Communities • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • high quality Climate Data Records (CDR) are expected e.g. for climate studies in contribution to IPCC. • Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDR) from CM SAF will provide consistent information on Essential Climate Variables (ECV)related to the global energy and water cycle supporting closure studies • Support to global and regional climate modelling • use of Climate Data Records for model evaluations, feedback studies, and uncertainty studies • these datasets needed at high(er) temporal and spatial resolutions • most recent satellite instrument, onlycover short time periods. • Climate service and infrastructure planning • long term Climate Data Records(of ECVs)ANDnear real time operational products required • Consistent climate datasets and according near real time operational products needed (identical algorithm and auxilliary data)

16. Targeted User Communities Where do you (best) belong to? –> Nummer oder Farben für die einzelnen Segment nutzen. • Survey here

17. Content • Participants • CM SAF in CDOP • CM SAF definitions • User communities & history • CDOP2 portfolio of CM SAF • Generation of CDR’s • CDR examples • Summary

18. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations Maturity Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

19. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations Maturity 2 - Experimental Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

20. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations Maturity 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

21. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations 4 - Demonstrated Maturity 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

22. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process Operations 5 - Sustained 4 - Demonstrated Maturity 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

23. CDR Generation An Evolutionary process 6 - Benchmark Operations 5 - Sustained 4 - Demonstrated Maturity 3 - Provisional 2 - Experimental Research 1 - Initial Courtesy J. Bates

24. x x Value Time Homogeneous Calibrated Point of measurement x Representative Scientific Requirements to climate Data Sufficiently long time series Quality controled

25. Additional Requirements to Climate Data Records Climate data record = time series of measurements of sufficient length,consistency, and continutity to determine climate variablility and change (NRC, 2000) Open accountable in every aspect Transparent Potential for long-term maintenance Sustainable Preserved Secure in perpetuity Forward compability in accomodating new data from existing or new instruments Extensible Easy obtainable, affordable and understandable Accessible Scientifically defensible Based on testable hypotheses and methodologies that have been peer reviewed Continuously assessed/improved Evaluated on a schedule basis, possibility to incorporate better/improved methods Reproducible Producing consistent results within machine rounding errors

26. Product portfolio in CDOP2

27. Product portfolio in CDOP2

28. Content • Participants • CM SAF in CDOP • CM SAF definitions • User communities & history • CDOP2 portfolio of CM SAF • Generation of CDR’s • CDR examples • Summary

29. New Products: examples

30. New Products: examples (I) AVHRR GAC data sets ”CLARA” (1978-2013/2015) • Edition 2 (2014): Improved dependencies on surface characteristics (albedo, emissivity), probabilistic cloud mask, • Edition 3 (2016): Extension 1978-1981; [1982 – 2009]; 2010 - 2015, calibration / navigation upgrades, orbital drift corrections

31. AVHRR GAC Editions in CDOP2: Improvement of homogeneity • First GAC edition show signs of artificial trends due to e.g. inhomogeneous temporal sampling (see above) • New editions aim for reduction of inhomogeneities, improving error estimations and upgrading algorithms

32. New Products: examples (II)

33. Extend in time with SSMIS Update retrieval schemes. Include uncertainty estimates. HOAPS editions Apply triple collocation to separate uncertainty terms.

34. New Products: examples (III)

35. European Heatwave 2003 Land Surface Temperature Anomalies for July/August 2003 (MODIS / Terra - Product)

36. European Heatwave 2003 Land Surface Temperature Anomalies for July/August 2003 (MODIS / Terra - Product)

37. Usage and Motivation Climate monitoring of drought conditions (e.g. Europe 2003!) Essential physical state variable for land surface processes Constraint for outgoing longwave radiation and turbulent land fluxes Target Accuracy 1 K bias, 2 K, 1.5 K, 1.0 K rmse (hourly / daily / monthly) Algorithm & Satellite (MVIRI/SEVIRI) 10.8 um only: based on published method of LSA SAF Land Surface Temperature for MFG and MSG

38. New Products: examples (IV)

39. MVIRI/SEVIRI data set MAGICSOL CDR seasonal means of cloud albedo (top, CAL), solar direct (middle, SID, and solar radiation (bottom, SIS). MVIRI /SEVIRI data sets (1982-2014) • Editions (2014, 2016): Extension 1982(?); [1983 – 2005]; 2012-2014, • Upgrade calibration, Improvements of Heliosat method

40. MFG vs. MSG Cloud Mask Evaluation MSG MFG (simulated) Development towards a consistent satellite independent cloud mask

41. MFG vs. MSG Cloud Mask Evaluation MSG MFG (simulated) MSG: mean CFC 43 % MSG: mean CFC 42 %

42. New Products: examples (V)

43. Empirical method for MVIRI/SEVIRI and GERB Based on MVIRI/SEVIRI FCDRs and model of spectral degradation 1982-2014, (0.05°)² resolution MVIRI/SEVIRI TOA radiation budget Time series of the MVIRI visible radiances for different scene types, after correction of spectral degradation.

44. El Chichon, Mt. Pinatubo? Please mark! MVIRI/SEVIRI TOA radiation budget

45. Product portfolio in CDOP2

46. What do you think is missing? Participants to use text-functionality

47. Content • Participants • CM SAF in CDOP • CM SAF definitions • User communities & history • CDOP2 portfolio of CM SAF • Generation of CDR’s • CDR examples • Summary

48. Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning

49. Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning • CM SAFdevelops and improves methods to derive CDRs on an operational basis and in a sustained mode.

50. Summary • CM SAF exploits satellite based remote sensing data to derive Climate Data Records (CDR) for Essential Climate Variables (ECV) with special emphasis on three target user groups • Global and regional climate trends and variability analysis • Support to global and regional climate modelling • Climate service and infrastructure planning • CM SAFdevelops and improves methods to derive CDRs on an operational basis and in a sustained mode. • CM SAF maintains and provides an operational and sustained infrastructure that can serve the community within the transition of mature CDR products from the research into operational environments.