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Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction

Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction. An Instructional Design Model. Rationale. Learning is facilitated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems. Learning is facilitated when existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge.

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Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction

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  1. Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction An Instructional Design Model

  2. Rationale • Learning is facilitated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems. • Learning is facilitated when existing knowledge is activated as a foundation for new knowledge. • Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is demonstrated to the learner. • Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is applied by the learner • Learning is facilitated when new knowledge is integrated into the learner's world.

  3. What is a real world problem? • What will students be able to know and do? • Students will be able to appropriately research media to gain background knowledge to aid in comprehension.

  4. Phase 1: Activation of Prior Experience • Example: Your students are reading a story about Harriett Tubman. In order to access students’ prior knowledge, you ask them some questions: - “What do you know about the Underground Railroad?” - “What do you know about slavery?”

  5. Phase 2: Demonstration of Skills (most instructional time) • The teacher assesses that the students’ prior knowledge is lacking. Therefore, she begins to ask other questions: • - Where could we go to find out more information? • Students then give answers such as… • Google • Textbook • Teachers • Librarians Teacher demonstrates a google search which accesses more text with pictures, captions, etc. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/bhistory/underground_railroad/index.htm

  6. Phase 3: Application of Skills • In a couple of days, the teacher brings in text about Brown vs. Board of Education. Again she asks students what they know about the subject. When students don’t know, she asks them how they could gain some background knowledge? • Students then engage in media research to bring back important content knowledge before reading for comprehension.

  7. Phase 4: Integration of Skills • A student in the same class is given a chapter to read in his science class about genetics. He’s having a difficult time comprehending the text, so he goes online and with his acquired skill from English class finds Khan Academy.

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