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Brief History of Russia

Brief History of Russia. From Ancient to the Post-Soviet Era. Four Eras of Russia. Ancient (pre-1688): Kievan Rus , Mongol Invasions, and early Czars Imperialism (1688-1917): Romanov Czars come to power and industrialize Russia.

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Brief History of Russia

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  1. Brief History of Russia From Ancient to the Post-Soviet Era

  2. Four Eras of Russia Ancient (pre-1688): KievanRus, Mongol Invasions, and early Czars Imperialism(1688-1917): Romanov Czars come to power and industrialize Russia. Soviet Era (1917-1991): Bolsheviks overthrow Czars; Communist Party comes to power. Post-Soviet (1991- present): Introduction of democracy and capitalism.

  3. Ancient Russia • KievanRus unites the region around the 5th century until the 13th century. During this time, the region adopts Eastern Orthodox and aligns w/ Constantinople. • Mongol invaders- 13th century to 15th century- force Russian princes to pay tribute. • 1400’s and 1500’s, Russian rulers increased their power. • Ivan The Terrible was officially crowned the first Czar of Russia in 1547. • 1600’s was the start of the Romanov dynasty.

  4. Imperialism & Westernization1688-1917 • Peter the Great (1689-1725) • Catherine The Great (1762-1796) • Napoleon Invasion-1812 • Russia is defeated in the Russo-Japanese War-1905 • Entrance into World War I in 1914; Russia pulls out early because of domestic unrest. • Russian Revolution-1917; Overthrow of Czar Nicholas II; Birth of the Communist Party; end of western influence in the Soviet Union until the end of the Cold War.

  5. Soviet Era (1917-1991) • Rise of the Soviet Union • REVOLUTION (1905-1917) • Bolsheviks vs. Mensheviks vs. The Romanovs • V.I. LENIN (VLADIMIR ILYICH ULYANOV) • FEDERAL STRUCTURE • USSR (UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS) -1924

  6. Implemented the Command Economy • AN ECONOMY IN WHICH THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION ARE OWNED AND CONTROLLED BY THE STATE AND IN WHICH CENTRAL PLANNINGOF THE STRUCTURE AND THE OUTPUT PREVAILS.

  7. Soviet Leaders • CZARISM (<1917) • LENIN • STALIN • KRUSCHEV • BRESHNEV • GORBACHEV

  8. Soviet Leaders • Lenin (1918-1927) • INTRODUCED MARXIST PHILOSOPHY • REPLACED PRIVATE WITH PUBLIC OWNERSHIP • DEVELOPED NATIONAL ECONOMIC PLANS • ESTABLISHED SOVIET POLITICAL STRUCTURE BASED ON ETHNIC IDENTITIES

  9. Soviet Leaders • Stalin (1927-1953) • ALL ASSETS NATIONALIZED • CREATION OF HUGE CENTRALIZED STATE MACHINE OVER ALL ASPECTS OF SOVIET LIFE • PURGES OF DISSIDENTS (30-60 MILLION) • COLLECTIVIZED FARMING CONCENTRATION ON HEAVY INDUSTRY AT EXPENSE OF AGRICULTURE

  10. Soviet Leaders • Gorbachev (1985-1991) • INITIATED ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL REFORM • PERESTROIKA • RESTRUCTURING • ECONOMIC AIM: TO CATCH UP WITH WESTERN ECONOMIES • POLITICAL AIM: REFORM OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

  11. COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION(CONDITIONS IN 1990 & 1991) • A SHARP DECLINE IN AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION • ECONOMIC OUTPUT DOWN BY 4% IN 1990 & 10-15% IN FIRST HALF OF 1991 • INTENSIFICATION OF NATIONALISM & SEPARATISM

  12. Post-Soviet Era • Westernization of Russia • Introduction of Capitalism and Market Economy • Introduction of outside cultural influences (fast food restaurants) • Ongoing issues with Chechnya

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