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AUTOMOBILE HISTORY

AUTOMOBILE HISTORY. First automobile developed in 1860’s in Europe. By 1900 cars gaining some reliability. All cars are hand made costing $10,000.00 Henry Ford’s better ideas: Interchangeable parts Mass production using an assembly line. MASS PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES.

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AUTOMOBILE HISTORY

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  1. AUTOMOBILE HISTORY • First automobile developed in 1860’s in Europe. • By 1900 cars gaining some reliability. • All cars are hand made costing $10,000.00 • Henry Ford’s better ideas: • Interchangeable parts • Mass production using anassembly line

  2. MASS PRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILES Mass production reduces the cost of automobiles to $200.00. There are now 200,000,000 vehicles in the U.S. alone.

  3. Four Basic Parts of Vehicles • Engine or power plant • Chassis or framework • Drive Train • Body

  4. Compression system Valve train Fuel system Ignition system Lubricating system Cooling system Starting system Charging system Emission controls Exhaust system Engine Systems

  5. Engine Block & Head(s) • Compression system lower end • Harnesses the power of burning gasoline • Valve train top end • Lets in and out the fuel charges to be burned

  6. Fuel System • Old cars used a carbureted system. • Cars now use fuel injection. • The purpose of the fuel system is to store, move and deliver the fuel and air in the proper proportion to the engine.

  7. Ignition System • Ignition systems are electronically computer controlled • The purpose is to deliver a high voltage spark (20,000 volts) to cylinders at the right time to ignite the fuel. • Spark plugs /wires /coil/distributor/COIL PACK

  8. Computer • Recent innovation • Controls • Fuel, • ignition, • Emission • suspension

  9. Lubrication System • Force feed or pressure fed system • Via an oil pump • Provides lubrication and protection for all the metal parts inside the engine • Oil pump/ • pan • galleries

  10. Cooling System • Liquid cooled system • Provides protection from the excessive heat which builds up inside the cylinder • Radiator, water jacket, hoses, thermostat, heater core, fan

  11. Starting System • Uses a battery and electric starting motor (cranking motor) to crank over the engine for starting • Battery • Cranking motor • Solenoid • Key switch • Wires

  12. Charging System • The charging system has two functions: • 1 – To recharge the battery after starting. • 2 – To provide all the electricity for the vehicle while the engine is running. • The battery provides power while the engine is not running • Battery/alternator/voltage regulator

  13. Exhaust System • Removes gases from engine • Quiets vehicle • Provides back pressure • Exhaust manifold • Crossover • Tail pipe • Muffler • Resonator

  14. Emission Controls • To clean up the air pollution caused by the automobile. • Capture any vapor which might escape the the fuel tank and engines crankcase. • Clean up exhaust for any un burnt fuel, carbon monoxide, or oxides of nitrogen. • Many types of devices are employed. • PCV/Catalytic convertor/gas cap/EGR

  15. Fuel Tank Vapor Recovery • Captures the vapor of gasoline from the fuel tank. • The charcoal canister holds them . • When the engine runs the vapors are sucked into the engine and burned.

  16. Catalytic Converter • One of the most important emission controls on the car. • Literally burns up pollution in the exhaust system.

  17. Automobile Bodies • Most made of stamped steel parts • A few cars made of aluminum (NSX Cadillac Allenta) • Some use composite materials (Saturn or GM Minivan)

  18. Chassis or Frame • Under lying structure of all vehicles • Three types of frame: • 1 – Full frame • 2 – Unitized frame called unibody • 3 – Space frame

  19. Full Frame Chassis • Uses welded steel alloy metal • C-channel or box frame construction • Note engine cradle in front and rear axle hump in rear • Used on large cars and most all trucks • Body made in separate unit and bolted to chassis

  20. Unitized Body Construction • Called Unibody • All body and frame parts welded together • Light weight but strong structurally • Most cars use this construction

  21. Space Frame Construction • Newest type of construction • Hybrid unibody • Used on race cars first but now used in passenger cars • Many use plastic fenders and body panels

  22. Chassis Related Systems • Braking system • Suspension system • Steering system

  23. Braking System • The purpose of the braking system is of course, to stop the car. • Brakes are used on all wheels and is hydraulically operated. • Two common types of brake assemblies are used. • Disc Brakes • Drum Brakes

  24. Disc Brakes • Uses a rotor that spins with the wheel and a stationary caliper to press friction material against the spinning rotor. • Used on most all front brakes and some rear brakes.

  25. Drum Brakes • Uses a drum which spins with the wheel. Stationary brake shoes are pressed out from the inside to cause friction. • Used on rear brakes of many cars.

  26. Helps driver stop under control Keeps brakes from locking up Pulses brakes Enables car to be turned *Does not replace hydraulic brakes Does not make vehicle stop faster Does not work if brake petal is pumped ABS Anti-Lock Braking System

  27. Suspension System • Uses springs and shock absorbers to provide a good ride and improved handling. • Coil & leaf springs, torsion bars and air suspension are all used. • Most shock absorbers are hydraulic or gas operated. • Stop bouncing action • Struts

  28. Independent Suspension • Allows each wheel to move up and down independently with out effect from the opposite wheel. • Used on most all front wheels and many rear wheels now.

  29. Straight Axle • Wheels are held together on a common axle. • Very rugged but poor on handling. • Used mostly on the rear wheels.

  30. Steering System • Two types used: • Conventional or parallelogram steering used on larger cars and trucks. • Rack and pinion steering used on most cars. • Conventional on trucks, SUV, BIG VEHICLES

  31. Drive train • Takes the engines torque and sends to the drive wheels. • Major types are: front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive and all wheel drive. • Major components of all drive trains: clutch, transmission, differential, and drive shaft(s).

  32. Drive Train Components • Basic purpose is to get the engines torque to the wheels. • Clutches used with manual transmissions a torque converter used with automatics. • Disconnects engine from transmission • Transmission/transaxle • Drive shafts and drive axles. • Differentials

  33. Front Wheel Drive • All drive train components under the hood (transaxle) • Reduces weight and size of vehicle • Good traction in rain and snow

  34. Front Wheel Drive

  35. Rear Wheel Drive • Components spread from front to rear • Transmission • Heavier than FWD cars • Poor handling in rain and snow • Better traction for performance purposes

  36. Four Wheel Drive 4X4 • Used primarily on trucks • Drive all four wheel when engaged • Heavy, poor fuel economy • Excellent traction on rain, snow or off road conditions

  37. All Wheel Drive • Front wheel drive power train connected to a drive shaft in the transaxle running to a conventional rear axle assembly.

  38. Identifying Vehicles • Reading the V.I.N. • 17 digit code located at the lower left corner of the windshield. • On Firewall

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