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CBT and It’s Applications for SW Practice

CBT and It’s Applications for SW Practice. Yau Tat-yu. My Concerns. Comprehensive, Balanced and Critical Views towards CBT It’s Implications to SW Practice Paths for further Development / Learning. Historical Development. Revisions on Behavioral Therapies Classical Conditioning (CC)?

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CBT and It’s Applications for SW Practice

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  1. CBT and It’s Applicationsfor SW Practice Yau Tat-yu

  2. My Concerns • Comprehensive, Balanced and Critical Views towards CBT • It’s Implications to SW Practice • Paths for further Development / Learning

  3. Historical Development Revisions on Behavioral Therapies • Classical Conditioning (CC)? • Operant Conditioning (OC)?

  4. US UR + CS US UR CS CR (UR) Classical Conditioning (CC)

  5. Behavior + Reinforcement Behavior + Reinforcement Operant Conditioning Behavior

  6. Operant Conditioning • Why Operant Conditioning is frequently applied in working with MI / MR / children / residential setting? • Give examples for different schedules of reinforcement in our daily lives, and discuss the implications of its use in intervention

  7. Operant Conditioning (OC) • Applications of Operant Conditioning • Reinforcement Vs punishment • Positive and negative reinforcement • Reinforcement: behavior is shaped by its desirable consequence • Shaping, Fading, Chaining,…

  8. Behavior Therapies • Basic Assumptions • Behaviors are conditioned and shaped by stimulus and consequences • Human being is treated as ‘black box’.

  9. Critical Remark 1 • Sheldon Rose’s View + Consequences Behavior Context

  10. Critical Remark 2 • Respecting clients (taking good care of their needs and starting where they are),being critical towards the oppression / power issues in practice scenario….

  11. Critical Remark 3 • Read the following before using OC. 「行為治療法」之華人社會的應用

  12. So… • How Sheldon Rose’s view related to CC / OC? • Give examples that client is not being respected in BM in our common practice • Your comment on ‘行為治療法’

  13. Social Cognitive Theory List three to five human capabilities that are important for our (social) livings?

  14. Social Cognitive Theory • Basic capabilities • S____________ Capability • F____________ Capability • V____________ Capability • S____________ Capability • S____________ Capability

  15. B P E Social Cognitive Theory • Reciprocal Determinism

  16. Social Learning • Most human behaviors are learned by observation. • Observation Learning –Attentional, Retention, Motor Production, Motivational • Model Variables – what are these?

  17. Model Variables… • S______, P_______, S______, N________, C________ of O_______, V_______ of M _______, … • C_____ Vs M_____ Models, I_____ and I______ Models … • These all contribute to modeling effect in general, but its impact depends on its context

  18. Self-efficacy • Sources of developing Self-efficacy E______, V______, P_______ and P________. • Importance: B_____ E______ (linking to positive outcome) and S___ E_____ are two important determinants for behavior learning. • Role of self-efficacy in behavior learning • Self-fulfilling prophecy of Self-efficacy

  19. Reinforcement • Three types of Reinforcement • Direct Reinforcement • Vicarious reinforcement • Self-reinforcement (SR and SE)

  20. About Skills Training… • Goldstein, A.P., L'Abate, L., Argyle, A., Trower, P.,… and have you heard of these….? • Parenting Skills • Social Skills / Communication Skills • Assertiveness Skills • Negotiation Skills / Skills on Mediation • Skills on Anger Control / Emotional Management / Aggression Replacement Training • ……

  21. Rounding Up • What are implications of CC, OC and SCT to behavior changes and skills training? • What are the implicit assumptions of skill training?

  22. Cognitive Behavior Therapies • Basic assumption: Cognition, Behavior and Emotion are influencing each other. • Some concepts get confused…?

  23. B C E CBT - Assumptions

  24. Cognitive Therapies (CT, REBT) • Appraisal – Beck, A.: Cognitive Therapy (CT), Ellis, A.: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) • Disputation (CT) Vs Collaborative Empiricism (REBT) • Ellis: IB  absolute ‘must’ • Beck: Thought Content and Information Processing

  25. Cognitive Therapy What kinds of dysfunctional thoughts that you have come across?

  26. Cognitive Therapy • Dysfunctional Thoughts (DT) • All-or-nothing thinking • Overgeneralization • Discounting the positives • Jumping to conclusions • Mind Reading

  27. Cognitive Therapy • Dysfunctional Thoughts (DT) • Fortunetelling • Magnifying / minimizing • Emotional reasoning • Making Labeling • Inappropriate blaming

  28. Cognitive Therapy Appraisal • Three Major Domains – related to schema • Self: self-appraisal, self-acceptance, … • World: what the world should be, expectations on others, … • Future: what would happen in future, …

  29. Cognitive Therapy Think about different Schema related to these three domains…?

  30. Cognitive Therapy • General Process (psycho-educational): • Understanding the impact of thought on behavior and emotion • Educating functional / dysfunctional thoughts • Identifying thought (automatic thought / schema) • Cognitive Restructuring

  31. T1 C1 A DT1 DT2 DT3 DT4...... T2 C2 A C ? ? DT1 ? T T DT2 ? DT3 ? Cognitive Therapy– general process

  32. Cognitive Restructuring • Some Useful Strategies / Questions • Evidence? • Alternative Interpretations? • Implications? • Downward Arrow • 為信念的優缺點加權

  33. Self Talk Statement Think about a positive self talk statement when you are in difficult time.

  34. Self-Instructional Training • Self talk statement can incorporate different cognitive strategies, including… • SIT is a kind of self talk statement. • Impulsivity is highly related to lack of / underdevelopment of self-talk statement • SIT – a means of exercising covert control over behavior • General Strategy: From impersonal to personal, from over to covert training

  35. Problem Solving • Spivack, G., Plat, J., Shure, M.B.: Interpersonal Cognitive Problem Solving (ICPS) • D’Zurilla, T.J., Nezu, A.M.: Social Problem Solving (SPS) • Overlapping a lot, but…

  36. SPS • Social Problem Solving Orientation Outcome Problem Solving Style Positive Adapative / Positive Rational Problem Solving Impulsive / Careless Maladapative / Negative Negative Avoidant

  37. SPS I – Problem Orientation • Problem Orientation: • Problem Recognition • Problem Attribution • Problem Appraisal • Perceived Control • Time / Effort Commitment

  38. SPS 2 – Problem Solving • Problem Solving Skills: • Problem Definition and Formulation • Generation of Alternative Solutions • Decision Making • Solution Implementation and Verification

  39. ICPS Five Stages Model • Problem recognition • Generating Alternatives • Means-ends Thinking • Consequential Thinking • Perspective Taking

  40. Self Management • Kanfer: Self-monitoring, Self-Evaluation, and Self-control. • Applied both to Behaviors and Cognitions • A very useful strategy for generalization • Helping client to develop responsibility for his own

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