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Lymphatic System

Lymphatic System. By Jenna Hanson and Rachel Gaddis. Word Bank:. spleen. thymus. l ymph node. Lymph vessels. tonsils. What is the lymphatic system?.

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Lymphatic System

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  1. Lymphatic System By Jenna Hanson and Rachel Gaddis

  2. Word Bank: spleen thymus lymph node Lymph vessels tonsils

  3. What is the lymphatic system? • The lymphatic system is a collection of cells and biochemicals that travel in lymphatic vessels, and the organs and glands that produce them. • The lymphatic system is also known as the immune system.

  4. What does the lymphatic system do? • Transports fluids • Carries away excess fluid from interstitial spaces • Destroys foreign particles (Immunities) • Destroys toxins and cancerous cells

  5. Lymphocytes • Type of white blood cell (leukocyte) • Two types: T-cells and B-cells • Determines immune response *Lymphocytes must be activated in order to respond to antigens!*

  6. T and B cells

  7. Lymph Nodes • Contain large numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages that fight invading organisms • Vary in diameter from 1/25 to 1 inch • Located along lymphatic vessels • Approximately 500-700 lymph nodes • in the adult human body

  8. Lymphatic Pathways • Prevent backflow of lymph • Begin as lymphatic capillaries • Turn into larger lymphatic vessels

  9. Spleen (Superior abdomen, Upper left quadrant)

  10. Functions of the spleen • Filters blood (immune system) • Helps to fight certain kinds of bacteria • Recycles red blood cells

  11. Thymus (Thoracic Cavity, between lungs, connects w/ trachea)

  12. Functions of the thymus • Transform lymphocytes into T-cells • T-cells in the thymus help to fight disease and infection *The thymus grows less functional with age and is eventually replaced almost entirely by adipose (fat) tissue*

  13. Lymph Movement

  14. Body Defenses • Innate (nonspecific) • Species resistant: the development of diseases unique to that organism. • Mechanical barriers: Prevent entry of infectious agents, in areas such as the respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems (Skin and mucus membranes, and sweat). • Chemical barriers: Enzymes in body fluid that provide the barrier to the pathogens.Lymphocytes produce hormone like peptides called interferons. (Viruses/ tumor cells). • Fever: the raise in temperature cause the spleen and liver to take away iron in the blood which is needed for bacteria/fungi as the temp rises. • Inflammation: blood flow to region of infection increases to isolate and destroy the infection, however this is painful

  15. Body defenses cont. • Adaptive (Specific)/ Immunity • Antigens: Usually located on cells surface; with the help of lymphocytes detect foreign antigens. • Lymphocyte Origins: During fetal development, release lymphocytes into the circulation with later turn to T and B cells.

  16. Types of antibodies • Immunoglobulin G (IgG): in plasma and tissue fluids, effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins. • Immunoglobulin A (IgA): Found in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, tears, nasal fluid, gastric juices, intestinal juice, bile and urine). • Immunoglobulin M (IgM): Develops in blood plasma in response to contact with certain antigens in food or bacteria. • Immunoglobulin D (IgD): Found on surface of most B cells. Important in activating B cells. • Immunoglobulin E (IgE): Found in exocrine secretions. Associated with allergic reactions.

  17. Immune Responses • Primary response: • Cells release antibodies (IgM, then IgG) • Antibodies are then transported to blood and throughout body • Secondary response: • Following a PR, B cells produce a ‘memory’ cell. • More vigorous of a response than PR.

  18. Autoimmune responses • Sometimes, the immune system accidentally produces autoantibodies, T cells that attack and damage tissues and organs. • The condition of cells attacking oneself is called autoimmunity Common auto immune disorders • Type 1 Diabetes • Rheumatoid arthritis • Lupus

  19. Allergic Reactions • Allergic responses are immune attacks against a non-harmful substance • Allergic reactions can vary from inflammation and fever to the closing of the throat, resulting in inability to breathe. Common allergens: • Peanuts • Grass • Dairy (Lactose intolerance) • Shellfish

  20. Diseases • Multiple Sclerosis (MS): • Causes pain, blindness, weakness, poor coordination, and muscle spasms • Immune system destroys myelin sheaths in neurons, damaging nerve tissue • Can be suppressed but no treatment • AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. • Virus that weakens the immune system • Final stage of HIV • Often Flu like symptoms • Life-threatening • Transmitted through sexual intercourse, contaminated needles, birth and receiving infected blood (transfusion) • No treatment

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