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ICT Expert Group Meeting Berlin (30.11 – 02.12.2011)

ICT Expert Group Meeting Berlin (30.11 – 02.12.2011). Double Mobility – Travel, Communication and Software Antje Gimmler, Aalborg University. Double mobility - some facts about ICT use.

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ICT Expert Group Meeting Berlin (30.11 – 02.12.2011)

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  1. ICT Expert Group Meeting Berlin (30.11 – 02.12.2011) Double Mobility – Travel, Communication and Software Antje Gimmler, Aalborg University gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  2. Double mobility- some facts about ICT use • 2012: 5.3 billion mobile subscribers. That is 77% of world population (source: The International Telecommunication Union, ITU, 2010) • Especially in developingcountries as well as in India more than 50 % of mobile Web users do not or infrequentlyuse a fixed desktop (US: 25%) (Source: On Device Research 2010) • The mobile phone penetration outnumbers fixed Internet users 5:2 in 2012 (source ITU, 2010), High growth rates in developing countries • The future: a ‘mobile only generation’ • By 2016, application-to-person (A2P) messaging will overtake person-to-person (texting) messaging (source: Juniper Research 2011) • A2P messaging includes messages to or from an application to or from a large number of customers in financial services, advertising, marketing, business administration, ticketing, television voting etc. gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  3. Double mobility- some facts about ICT use gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  4. Double mobility Double mobilitycombinesspatial/fysicalmobility with virtual mobility Virtual mobilityincludes: • Technologicalmeans: airport systems (SMS check-in, RFID tags for baggage) • Narrations/storiesconnected to travel, places, persons, landscapes • ICT communication,cellular systems, wirelessnetworks with mobile communicationsboundaries, time, space, communication and overall setting of spatialmobilitychanges! gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  5. 1. Pragmaticuser-centricperspective • Philosophicalpragmatism: John Dewey (Goffman, Garfinkel, Don Ihde, Hans Joas, Richard Sennett) • Pragmatism: usersdefinesituations and makeuse of technologiesaccording to theirneeds, habits, cultureetc. • Users areneithertotallydetermined by structures, culture or technologynorarethey ‘free’ to choosewhatevertheywant. gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  6. 1. Pragmaticuser-centricperspective • Co-evolution of technology and society ratherthandeterminism (seealso Manuel Castells) • Users choosepragmatically, according to their definition of the situation, e.g. combining a mobile phone with a book, conversation with online gaming, sharingphotos online with walking and talking in a urban environment • Internet: from consumption of content to generation of content (social networks, open source etc.), competent ICT users gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  7. 1. Pragmaticuser-centricperspective 4G – next generation of cellular systems: • Problematic visions of seamlessaccess and the definition of the next generation (4G) of cellular systems such as ‘connectingeverything with everything’ (EC vision 2004) • Ubiquitouscomputing (Mark Weiser, 90s) • Alternative version of 4G: not onlyimprovingcoverage, spectralefficiency, capacity and reliabilitybut:connections of differentdevices , sharing information and resources (e.g. ad hoc networking) • Users are a heterogenousgroup - 4G matches this by offeringeven more personalized services gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  8. 2. What’sgoing on behindour back? • P2P: person to person communication - face-to-face communication, mediatedcommunication • P2M: person to machine/machine to person - checking in with a referencenumber - airline sending a SMS for checking in • M2M: machine to machine - monitoringflighttraffic with ATC gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  9. 2. What’sgoing on behindour back? • The mobile passenger: mobile phone as a ‘prostetics’ thatallows to connect to othernetworks and systems • Mobility systems arecode/spaceentities: - differentcodedinfrastructuresconverge in ”coded assemblages” usingautomated management (Kitchin/Dodge, 2011) - e.g. an airport with ATC (air trafficcontrol),RFID tags, coded processes of billing, check-in, security screening etc. - the mobile passengermeltsinto the coded assemblage, but is not a ‘docilebody’, action is not absolutelycontrolled gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  10. 2. What’sgoing on behindour back? • Capture systems controllchecking-in and security scan in the beginning of airtravel as well as the end (immigration control, baggage) • Zones of negotiations: baggage, fluids, social and cultural norms of persons of risk • Beyond the securityarea: shopping, waiting, resting, communicating and interacting. The airport as a shopping mall. • Airport is divided in two parts: restricted and unrestrictedarea gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  11. 3. Micro-coordination – double mobility A mobile passenger - connects to his or her networks • plans the travelwhiletravelling, controlling ‘on the move’ • uses the facilities offered whiletravelling by connecting (e.g. mobile internet) • combinestravel with leisure (e.g. shopping, watching videos) • makes the placeinhabitable (e.g. unpackedtraveller in a train) Different types of travels and different double mobility: • Commuting: organizedwork time or leisure • Holiday trip: exitment and entertainment gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  12. 3. Micro-coordination – double mobility Boredom • A business man on the plane checks his emailbefore the plane starts. But he is alsobored, reads the news on his mobile, shows mehow the textcouldbeminimised and enlarged. He continuesdoingthis til he has to switch of his mobile . (31.05.2010, flight Aalborg to Copenhagen) • A youngwoman starts to look through her pictures in her gallery on the mobile phone. When I smile at her, she starts to tellmeaboutsomeplacesshevisited and showedme the pictures. (14.10.2011, train from Aarhus to Aalborg) gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  13. 3. Micro-coordination – double mobility Boundarypermeability Business college students on a regional train, onlytwootherpassengers (meincluded) are in thiscarriage. One discusses a calculation from an exam, sheuses the computer, goes online. Othersdiscuss the exam with schoolmates or friends over the mobile phone. The traincarriageturnsinto a classroom (29.06.2010, trainbetweenPlochingen and Ulm, Germany) gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  14. 3. Micro coordination – double mobility Social intrusiveness • A girltellssomeone on the mobile phonethat a guyhasn’tcalled her. Sheleans with half of her bodyagainst the window, looking out of the window, avoidingeyecontact with otherpassengers. The otherpassengers in proximity of ca. 8 meters canfollow the conversation. The otherpassengers start to look at eachother, indicatingthatthis is disturbing, not onlybecauseshespeaksloudly, but because of the topic. One feelsirritatedabout the girlsobviousunluckyrelationship to a guywho – as far as weknow as audience – doesn’tcareabout her. • Blurring the boundariesbetween private and public, re-negotiations gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  15. Research perspectives • Strictly organized and controlled mobility systems such as the airport are partly in collision with the mobile passenger. The logic of capture systems at airports collide with the mobile passengers habits • ICTs or code/space is performed and experienced differently, from highly restricted to rather unlimited • How is double mobility performed? What new forms of behavior arise? How is co-presence part of double mobility? • How are media combined/used? Are there lessons to learn for new applications enabled by 4G? gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  16. Literature: • Peter Adey (2010) Mobility, London: Routledge. • Manuel Castells et al. (2007) Mobile Communication and Society. A Global Perspective, Cambridge Mass.: MIT Press. • Cresswell, Tim (2006) On the Move. Mobility in the Modern Western World, New York: Taylor & Francis/Routledge. • David Bissell (2008) Visualising everyday geographies: practices of vision through travel-time, in: Transactions of the Institute of British Geography, Vol. 34, pp. 42-60. • Simone Frattasi, Hanane Fathi, Antje Gimmler, Frank Fitzek, RamjeePrasad (2006) DesigningSocially Robust 4 G Services, in: IEEE Technology and Society, Vol. 25,2, pp. 51-64. • Antje Gimmler (2007) Handeln und Erfahrung – Überlegungen zu einer pragmatischen Theorie der Technik, in: Luckner et al. (eds.), Handeln und Technik, Berlin: LIT Verlag, pp. 61 –74. gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

  17. Literature: • Nicola Green (2002) On the Move: technology, mobility, and the mediation of social time and space, in: Information Society, 18, pp. 281-292. • Robin Kitchin/Martin Dodge (2011) Code/Space. Software andEveryday Life, Cambridge Mass: MIT Press • Claus Lassen (2006) Aeromobility and work, in: Environment and Planning A, 38, pp. 301- 312. • Rich Ling/Per E. Pedersen (eds.) (2005) Mobile Communications. Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere, London: Springer. • Urry, John (2007)Mobilities, Cambridge: Polity Press. • Watts, Laura (2008) The art and craft of traintravel, in: Social & CulturalGeography, 9:6, pp. 711 – 726. gimmler@socsci.aau.dk

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