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The American Brahman: Crossbreedings Common Denominator 17 th World Brahman Congress

The American Brahman: Crossbreedings Common Denominator 17 th World Brahman Congress. Joe C. Paschal Professor and Livestock Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Corpus Christi, Texas. 700 million head of cattle. 33% of world’s beef 20% of world’s milk. Advantages Longevity (teeth)

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The American Brahman: Crossbreedings Common Denominator 17 th World Brahman Congress

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  1. The American Brahman:Crossbreedings Common Denominator17th World Brahman Congress Joe C. Paschal Professor and Livestock Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Corpus Christi, Texas

  2. 700 million head of cattle 33% of world’s beef 20% of world’s milk

  3. Advantages Longevity (teeth) Hot climate adaptability Internal/external parasite tolerance Resistance to some disease Maternal ability Ability to digest coarse forages Mineral conservation Maternal calving ease Energetic efficiency Highest hybrid vigor (heterosis) in crosses with non Bos indicus Disadvantages Muscling Marbling Gain Temperament Tenderness Brahman cattle are known for their tropical adaptability

  4. Brahman cattle are well known for their high level of hybrid vigor in crosses with non-Bos indicus breeds • Hybrid vigor is caused by the interaction effects of individual genes • Highest for traits with low breeding value (early in life) and lowest for those with high breeding value (late in life) • Effects are cumulative over a lifetime • Hybrid vigor is highest in Brahman – non Brahman crosses

  5. Total Animal Value, $ (20 years-1367 hd) University of Florida Johnson and Elzo 2012

  6. Preweaning efficiency of Brahman vs. Bos taurus crossbred cows @ maintenance energy intake TraitAngus/HerefordBrahman x Peak milk yield, lb/d 18.319.7 (+8%) Total milk yield, lb 1764 2082(+18%) Calf BW, lbs 91 83.7 (-8%) Calf wt gain, lbs 257306 (+19%) Cow intake, Mcal ME 3043 3499 (+15%) Cow Efficiency* 8.4 8.7 (+4%) *lbs calf weight weaned /Mcal of ME consumed (energy intake) (adapted from Jenkins and Ferrell, 2004)

  7. Crossbreeding Production Efficiencies 1 Average percent increase over straightbreeding in lbs of calf weaned per cow exposed using only Bos taurus breeds. Crossing Bos Taurus and Bos indicus breeds can increase these values 50 to 100% 2 Substituting a combination breed for a composite reduces the values slightly to moderately depending on the amount of heterosis retained.

  8. Fertility and Productivity in Bos indicus F1 Cows (Riley et al. 2001a)

  9. Terminal Cross Calves Produced by Bos indicus F1 Cows(Riley et al. 2001a) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  10. Lifetime Production and Fertility of Bos indicus F1 Cows (Riley et al. 2001a) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  11. Average Age of Bos indicus F1 Cows at Culling(Riley et al. 2001b)

  12. Determining Value

  13. Medicine, Feed and Total Cost of Gain(Paschal et al. 2003a) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  14. Feeding and Marketing Margins and Net Return(Paschal et al. 2003a) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  15. On Feed and Final Weight, ADG and DOF by Percent Brahman(Paschal et al. 2003a) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  16. Carcass Weight, Dressing Percent, Fat Thickness, Ribeye Area, REA/cwt, and USDA Yield Grade by Percent Brahman(Paschal et al. 2003b) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  17. USDA Marbling Scores and Quality Grades by Percent Brahman (Paschal et al, 2003b) Columns with different superscripts differ P<.05.

  18. Warner Bratzler Shear Force by Percent Brahman(Paschal et al 2003b) *Shear force based on a limited number of purebred or straightbred steers.

  19. Percentage Exceeding Tenderness of 4 Kg by Percent Brahman(Paschal et al 2003b) *Shear force based on a limited number of purebred or straightbred steers.

  20. Feedyard Performance (Franke, et al. 2006)

  21. Carcass Yield (Franke, et al. 2006)

  22. Carcass Quality

  23. Tenderness

  24. Hump Height

  25. ABBA Carcass Evaluation Program • Muscle/Frame M2 • On Feed Wt 246 kg • Off Feed Wt 593 kg • DOF 174 • ADG 1.32 kg • Carcass Wt 369 kg • Dress % 64.8 • Fat 1.04 cm • REA 87.1 cm sq • REA/cwt 24.3 cm sq • Marbling SL 87 • Yield Grade 2.8 • Quality Grade SE+ • Hump 21.4 cm • WBS 3.88 kg

  26. Improving Carcass Value • Avoid stress • Change cut style • Improve technique • Reduce shrink • Improve chilling • Allow carcass to age • Whole carcass • Cuts (wet/dry) • Electrical stimulation

  27. Heritability and Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations

  28. Milk Production Bos indicus and Dairy Crosses in Tropical Wet and Dry Conditions Galukande, 2003

  29. Advantage/Disadvantage of Dairy Cross Calves and Carcasses • Fertility • Milk • Growth • Mature size • Carcass weight • Muscling • Dressing percent • Marbling • Tenderness

  30. In Summary • Percentage Brahman genetics offer higher levels of hybrid vigor for traits low in heritability to improve adaptability, fertility, maternal ability and longevity. • Purebred Brahman genetics offer superior beef genetics to tropical production systems for both beef and dairy.

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