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The Internet in the UK

The Internet in the UK. Keith Mitchell keith@linx.org Executive Chairman http://www.linx.net/. The Internet in the UK. History Organisation Infrastructure. History. History 1990-92. Pre-1990 (ARPAnet) University College London Military 1991 UK Internet Consortium

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The Internet in the UK

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  1. The Internet in the UK Keith Mitchell keith@linx.org Executive Chairman http://www.linx.net/

  2. The Internet in the UK • History • Organisation • Infrastructure

  3. History

  4. History 1990-92 • Pre-1990 (ARPAnet) • University College London • Military • 1991 • UK Internet Consortium • UKERNA JIPS project • 1992 • PIPEX, Demon, UKnet

  5. History 1993-95 • 1994 • BTnet • LINX established • around 50 ISPs • 1995 • ISPA established • vPoPs • >100 ISPs

  6. History 1996-97 • 1996 • 0845 dial-up access • Nominet, Internet Watch established • 1997 • MaNAP • ~300 ISPs

  7. History 1998-99 • 1998 • FreeServe • BTclick • 1999 • 1 in 5 people have Internet access • ScotIX • 0800 ISPs

  8. Organisations

  9. UK Internet Industry Organisations • Exchange Points • Associations • Registries • Self-regulators • Forums etc

  10. Organisation Principles • Neutral • facilities • management • operation • Public companies limited by guarantee • World-class facilities • “Natural” national monopolies should be: • not for profit • efficient • accountable

  11. UK Internet Exchange Points • LINX • London 87 members • LoNAP www.lonap.net • London 20 members • MaNAP www.manap.net • Manchester 17 members • ScotIX www.scotix.net • Edinburgh 9 members

  12. LINX Status • Established Oct 94 by 5 member ISPs • Now 87 members • at least 1 new member every month • UK, European, International members • Not-for profit association of ISPs • Neutral locations in London Docklands • Telehouse • TeleCity • others to follow

  13. LINX Objectives • “To provide efficient interconnectivity for the UK Internet” • Aim to keep 100% of UK Internet traffic in the UK • LINX handles about 80-90% of UK peering traffic • Increasingly keeping European traffic in Europe • “To promote the interests of its members” • Only done on specific issues, and where there is formal approval of a strong consensus among members.

  14. LINX Membership • Restricted to ISPs - definition: • Symmetric Global Routing • More than one connection to rest of Internet • own “Autonomous System” • Sell Internet service • Member of Regional Internet Registry • at least /19 = 8192 IP addresses • Publish contact info

  15. LINX “Non-Core” Activities • Law Enforcement • Crime, Interception, Privacy, Crypto • Content Regulation • IWF Funding and Oversight • Telecoms Regulation • Non-lobbying • UBM (“Spam”) Regulation • Unsolicited Bulk Messaging

  16. Internet Service Providers Association • Trade Association • Over 100 members • www.ispa.org.uk • ISPs, Web designers, lawyers • Council & secretariat

  17. ISPA Activities • Promotes self-regulation: • IWF funding and oversight • Member Code of Practice • Founder member of EuroISPA • www.euroispa.org • Government lobbying and liasion • Awards & events

  18. Internet Watch Foundation • Funded by: • LINX, ISPA, Large ISPs directly • EU Commission • www.iwf.org.uk • Provides hotline for notification and takedown of illegal content • Partner in INCORE, ICRA content rating projects

  19. Name & Number Registries • Nominet UK (Oxford) • .uk domain names • CENTR (Oxford) • Association of European TLD(Top-Level Domain) registries • RIPE NCC (Amsterdam) • Allocates IP addresses to over 1500 members in 90 European+ countries

  20. Nominet • Operates central facilities providing Domain Names ending in .uk • www.nominet.org.uk • Over 1500 members provide service to end-users: • ISPs • Web/content providers • IPR lawyers • Currently registering ~100,000 domains/month

  21. Forums & Other Bodies • Internet Crime Forum • formerly ACPO/ISP/Govt forum • Internet User Privacy Forum • www.iupf.org • Internet Society Chapters • www.england.isoc.org • www.scotland.isoc.org

  22. Infrastructure

  23. Terminology • “Transit” • one ISP buys connectivity to whole of rest of Internet from another larger one • “Peering” • two ISPs exchange routes and traffic for their customers only

  24. UK Infrastructure • About 150-200 UK ISPs buy transit from less than 100 who lease international circuits from IFL providers • Most of these have nxE3/STM1 capacity to major US ISPs and/or exchange points

  25. LINX Members by Country Total = 87

  26. UK Infrastructure • Most UK ISPs have few backbone nodes, buy virtual PoPs from OLO 0845 providers • Much infrastructure concentrated in Telehouse, Docklands • over 6000 routers in one building ! • but co-location provider market burgeoning • e.g. TeleCity, Redbus, IX Europe

  27. Internet Traffic Economics • Peering commonly, but not exclusively: • takes place at exchange points • is on non-settlement basis • In general between ISPs: • A announces routes  B • B sends traffic  A’s customers • A makes payment  B

  28. LINX Traffic (Nov 99) • Total inbound=outbound traffic • 900 Mb/s average • 1300 Mb/s peak • Doubles every 4 months • Routing table (24%) • 16,000 out of 70,000 global routes • about 10% growth in 6 months • http://www2.linx.net/info/

  29. LINX Statistics (Nov 99) • One of 6 biggest Internet Exchange Points in World • Reflects strength of UK Internet industry

  30. TLD Name Servers • Name Service for Top-Level Domains • All in LINX neutral AS • k.root-servers.net • operated with RIPE NCC • secondary for “.” domain • 12 in world, one of 3 outside US • “.uk” primaries • operated with NOMINET • LINX represented on ICANN RSSAC

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