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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Gastrointestinal Tract Digestive/ ____________ Tract. ROOT. Bucco- cheek (buccal surface) Labio,_______, Chilo- lips (labioplasty) Denti, Dento, __________- teeth (odontogenesis) Gingivo- gums (gingivalgia) ________, Linguo- tongue (linguitis)

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Gastrointestinal Tract Digestive/ ____________ Tract

  2. ROOT • Bucco- cheek (buccal surface) • Labio,_______, Chilo- lips (labioplasty) • Denti, Dento, __________- teeth (odontogenesis) • Gingivo- gums (gingivalgia) • ________, Linguo- tongue (linguitis) • Papillo- nipple-shaped projection (gingival papilla) • Stom, Stomato- mouth (stomatitis) • Duodeno- duodenum (duodenorrhaphy)

  3. ROOT • Entero- intestines (enterotomy) • Gastro- stomach (gastropexy) • Hepato, Hepatico- liver (hepatopathy) • Ileo- ileum (ileostomy) • Jejuno- jejunum (jejunectomy) • Pharyngo- pharynx (pharyngorrhea) • Procto,__________ - rectum/anus (proctocele) • Ptyalo, ________- saliva (ptyalism) • Chole, __________- bile(cholemesis)

  4. FUNCTION • Prehension • Transport, and breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients • Carries waste to be eliminated from the body • __________> ______________> ___________> __________> intestines > anus

  5. Food is chewed in the______, swallowed by way of the _______and_________, passes through the neck and thorax into the stomach. Here the food is partially digested before being passed to the small intestine for further digestion and absorption . Here the remaining ingesta moves to the____________, where it is retained until it is excreted through the____________.

  6. NEW WORDS • RUMINATION: • regurgitation,__________, insalivation, and reswallowing of partially digested food. • the altered process allows ________ of the food by bacteria and protozoa. These digest __________ and produce energy for the body • Occurs in RUMINANTS (ex: cattle, goats, sheep, llamas, camels, deer).

  7. __________________: involuntary, wavelike movement of the intestinal tract propelling contents through the GI tract. Circular and longitudinal muscle fibers

  8. DIETS • _________________: eat meat and plants (pigs, bears, chickens, humans, cockroaches) • ___________________: eat plants (cows, horses, rabbits) • ___________________: eat meat (cats, dogs)

  9. GI - STRUCTURES • Mouth • Teeth • Tongue • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Intestines. • Accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, pancreas

  10. MOUTH • LABIA/CHILO/CHEILO:lips (entrance to the mouth) • Some animals have specially-adapted lips: • rats have lips that meet ______________ the incisors so that they can chew through material without having to ingest it

  11. CONICAL PAPILLAE – cone-shaped finger-like projections found on the inside of the lips of ruminants. Prevents food from escaping from the mouth. sheep, goats, horses have ____________________ that help to pick up food

  12. Lips of cattle and pigs are ____________ and do little more than close the mouth

  13. Members of the camel family have deeply _________________ that allow them to graze close to the ground without disturbing the _________of plants.

  14. ORAL CAVITY • ORAL CAVITY • Gums • Teeth • Tongue • Food holder • Food is broken down

  15. PALATE • PALATE forms the __________ of the mouth: • HARD PALATE – • rigid ________ structure • covered with mucous membranes that contains ______________of thickened membrane

  16. PALATE • SOFT PALATE • partition between ___________ and _____________________ • composed • of muscle and covered with mucous membranes

  17. CHEEKS • Formed by _____________ muscles (keep food between the teeth while chewing) and the fatty buccal pad • Elastic tissue

  18. TONGUE • ______________________ muscle • Function • keeps food between the teeth during chewin • puts pressure on the hard palate to aid in swallowing • used for food prehension • licking, grooming, lapping up fluids

  19. LINGUAL FRENULUM – anchors underside of tongue to floor of the mouth PAPILLAE – elevations on the sides and upper surface of the tongue (filiform)

  20. Close-up view of a tongue with visible fungiform papillae (large bumps) scattered among filiform papillae (small bumps). Filiform: threadlikeFungiform: mushroomlikeVallate: rim shapedThe fungiform and vallate contain taste buds.

  21. GINGIVAE / GUMS • Collar around each tooth • Mucous membranes with fibrous tissue that cover the ___________ and ___________________

  22. TEETH • Number varies between species and diet • Function to cut and grind food and to provide defense • DECIDUOUS TEETH – _________________ • Rabbits and rodents have only one set of teeth that grow ______________________ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/dentalanat.html

  23. TEETH • CROWN (encased in___________ ): __________: projects above gumline, • NECK is located_______________, • ROOT (encased in __________: bonelike) fixes the tooth in the socket (BONY ALVEOLUS)

  24. TEETH • DENTIN lies under the enamel and cementum and makes up the ___________ of the tooth • PULP CAVITY is inside the dentin and contains the tooth’s __________________________ • PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT (fibrous tissue) – connects _______________to bone of the alveolus • PERIODONTIUM – periodontal ligament + the connections in the cementum + surrounding alveolar bone

  25. HYPSODONT • Herbivores have HYPSODONT teeth (______________ elevated crown) • don’t have a well-defined neck • enamel extends below the gumline and is mixed in with __________ and cementum • grooves on surface help to predict an animal’s_______

  26. BRACHYDONT • Carnivores have BRACHYDONT teeth (________crown) • Similar to humans

  27. TEETH • INCISORS (I) – front teeth that are used for ___________ and cutting grass. Can also be used for defense. • upper incisors are __________ in ruminants, which only have a_______________ • CANINES (C) – “fangs, eyeteeth, tusks”, used to __________ which makes them prominent in carnivores. Used for defense • PREMOLARS (P), MOLARS (M) – “cheek teeth”, ________________ to a size that can be swallowed

  28. DENTAL FORMULA •  DENTAL FORMULAS: Indicate the number of each kind of tooth on one side of the mouth (I,C,P,M) • Numerator: teeth in the______________ • Denominator: teeth in the ______________ • Multiply the formula by 2 to represent the total number of teeth

  29. DENTAL FORMULA

  30. TEETH •  LINGUAL: surface of teeth next to the_______ • BUCCAL: surface of teeth next to the_______ • LABIAL: surface of teeth next to the_______ • OCCLUSAL: surface of teeth for ____________

  31. Salivary GlandsIn animals these are composed of 3 pairs of glands and a variety of saliva secreting glands. The primary salivary glands are the:__________, ____________and ____________. The dog also has a salivary gland by the eye called the zygomatic gland

  32. SALIVARY GLANDS • SALIVA – ____________ fluid secreted by the salivary glands that functions to dissolve or lubricate food, facilitate swallowing, and initiate digestion

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