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Invention & Industrialization

Invention & Industrialization. Oil and Steel Oil (aka Petroleum, aka Black Gold) Extracted from the ground using drills. Refining industries turn it into fuels: gasoline & kerosene Steel

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Invention & Industrialization

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  1. Invention & Industrialization • Oil and Steel • Oil (aka Petroleum, aka Black Gold) • Extracted from the ground using drills. • Refining industries turn it into fuels: gasoline & kerosene • Steel • the Bessemer Process is developed: New Process where air is injected into molten iron to convert it into steel. • The lighter, more flexible metal (steel) is used by the expanding railroad industry for their tracks. • Also used for new inventions and new structures (the Brooklyn Bridge, for example). • The “skyscraper” becomes the newest architectural experiment.

  2. The Inventors & their Inventions • The Main Man: Thomas Edison • Hardworking, smart, and very competitive • Famous research laboratory in Menlo Park, NJ. • Got patents for over 1000 inventions, including the light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture viewer.

  3. Other Inventions • The Typewriter: Christopher Sholes • The Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell • The Radio: Nikola Tesla • The home camera: George Eastman • The Airplane: The Wright Brothers • Impacts • Efforts to make America electrically connected. • Electric and machine labor changes factory work. • Office work opens to young women. • New home products for recreation.

  4. Big Business • Railroads + Expansion + Cities + Inventions= Money to be made • Investors, profiteers, & entrepreneurs. • What to call these guys: • “Industrial Statesmen” • “Captains of Industry” • “Industrial Capitalists” • “Tycoons,”“Fat Cats” • “Robber Barons”

  5. C. The Richest Men in the World • Andrew Carnegie • John D. Rockefeller

  6. Andrew Carnegie The classic “self-made man” Went from $1.20 a week to becoming the richest man in the world. A visionary businessman, he revolutionized the Steel Industry controlling 80% of all steel production in the America. Wrote “The Gospel of Wealth,” saying that the rich have a moral duty to help out society. Over his lifetime, gave away 90% of his fortune, founding thousands of social and educational foundations that continue to this day. John D. Rockefeller The son of a traveling conman/salesman. Rockefeller invested in oil refineries early on, seeing possibilities for future success, His shady business tactics made his company, Standard Oil into a monopoly that controlled 90% of all oil production in America. His reputation for ruthlessness made him the target of criticism from the press, workers, and the government. Also gave millions to foundations and charities. C. The Richest Men in the World

  7. Vertical Integration: Controlling every stage of the production process to control quality and cost. Carnegie’s favorite. Horizontal consolidation: Merging companies together that sell or make the same product to limit the competition within a market. The extreme result is a monopoly. Rockefeller’s favorite. D. Their Methods

  8. KRYCZKA’S BAKERIES K K K Kryczka’s Maurice’s bakery Stan’s bakery Lupe’s Bakery Kryczka’s Bakery Kryczka’s Kryczka’s Kryczka’s

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