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The French Revolution

The French Revolution. Act II. Did the French Revolution live up to the ideals and values of the enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke? Make sure you ACE your answer with examples from your notes and evidence from your enlightenment handout.

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution Act II

  2. Did the French Revolution live up to the ideals and values of the enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke? • Make sure you ACE your answer with examples from your notes and evidence from your enlightenment handout. Assignment to be completed after the presentation

  3. Last class the 3rd estate had broken away and formed a new representative body of France. This body drafted the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” for all citizens of France. • This was an attempt to limit the Monarchy's absolute power and effectively turn it into a Constitutional Monarchy. National Assembly

  4. Although the King reluctantly accepted the new constitution, he could not accept all the reforms • On June 20, 1791, the King and his family set out for the border in a carriage. • The King was disguised as a steward and his son was wearing a dress. • At the border village of Varennes, he was recognized and eventually apprehended. The Constitutional Monarchy Wavers

  5. The apprehension of Louis XVI at Varennes

  6. The French Revolution took on the character of a religious crusade. • It was not enough to have a revolution at home. The gospel of revolution must be spread to the rest of Europe. • France declared war on Prussia and Austria and proclaimed that it advanced the cause of liberty. The Revolution Spreads throughout Europe

  7. The French Flag • The Marquis de Lafayette, commander of the new National Guard, combined  the colors of the King (white) and the colors of Paris (blue and red) for his guardsmen's uniforms and from this came the Tricolor, the new French flag.

  8. The country was embroiled in a foreign war. • The new government had declared war against the powerful Austria and in the beginning it did not go well for France. • In France people saw counter-revolutionaries under every rock.   The Revolution Turns Violentand Paranoia reigns

  9. The constitutional monarchy put in place by moderate revolutionaries is overtaken by a radical republic. • On January 23, 1793 Louis Capet went to the guillotine in the Place de la Concorde, where a statue of his predecessor, Louis XV, once stood.  • At the scaffold he said "I forgive those who are guilty of my death." The Revolution Gives Way to Radicals The Execution of Louis XVI

  10. The execution of Louis XVI

  11. The Terror was designed to fight the enemies of the revolution, to prevent a counter-revolution from gaining ground. • Watch Committees around the nation were encouraged to arrest "suspected persons, ... those who, either by their conduct or their relationships, by their remarks or by their writing, are shown to be partisans of tyranny and federalism and enemies of liberty" (Law of Suspects, 1793). The Reign of Terror

  12. Suspension of Civil Liberties Maximilien Robespierre • Civil liberties were suspended. • The Declaration of the Rights of Man were suspended. • Terror was the order of the day. In the words of Maximilien Robespierre, "Softness to traitors will destroy us all." The Terror Continues

  13. *Robespierre was arrested and sent to the guillotine the next day, the last victim of the Reign of Terror.  The Last Victim of the Reign of Terror

  14. The French Revolution Act III

  15. The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte • Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in 1799 through a coup d’ etat. • He declares himself Emperor in 1804

  16. Pros Cons • Upheld many of the ideals of the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” • Made all men equal • Created a fair tax system • Organized public schools • Ruled with complete power and authority • The “National Assembly” was suspended • Engaged France in numerous wars to spread the ideals of the revolution Napoleon’s France

  17. After Napoleon’s forces were defeated by Prussian, Russian and Swedish troops he was exiled to Elba, a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy. • He returns a year later to reclaim his throne , but his army was defeated again in1815. He was exiled to the remote island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean. He died on May 5, 1821 The Fall of Napoleon

  18. France becomes a Constitutional Monarchy • King Louis XVIII was placed in power with restrictions from their constitution that upheld the ideals of the “Declaration of the Rights of Man” • Today France is a Democratic Republic • https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html The End of the Revolution

  19. Did the French Revolution live up to the ideals and values of the enlightenment philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke? • Make sure you ACE your answer with examples from your notes and evidence from your enlightenment handout. Assignment

  20. Adapted from Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution by Jennifer Brainard. See http://www.historywiz.com/frenchrev-mm.htm • http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/219456/French-revolutionary-and-Napoleonic-wars?anchor=ref171792 Sources

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