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Chemical Equations reactants  products reactant - starting substance in a chemical reaction

Chemical Equations reactants  products reactant - starting substance in a chemical reaction product - substance formed in a chemical reaction = yields, gives you, produces, goes to **Law of Conservation of Mass holds true here mass of reactants = mass of products.

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Chemical Equations reactants  products reactant - starting substance in a chemical reaction

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  1. Chemical Equations reactants  products reactant- starting substance in a chemical reaction product- substance formed in a chemical reaction • = yields, gives you, produces, goes to **Law of Conservation of Mass holds true here mass of reactants = mass of products

  2. -the states of matter can be indicated after the substance (s)=solid (ℓ)=liquid (g)=gas (aq)=aqueous = reversible reaction catalyst- substance that speeds up the rate of a reaction without being used up in the reaction **written above the arrow ex- Pt ∆ = heat applied

  3. **Remember H O N Cℓ Br I F skeleton equation- chemical equation that is not balanced ex- Write a skeleton for the following reaction: solid iron reacts with oxygen to form solid iron (III) oxide Fe(s) + O2(g)  Fe2O3(s)

  4. Try these: 1) solid sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce aqueous sodium chloride, water and carbon dioxide • solid sulfur burns in oxygen to form sulfur dioxide • solid potassium chlorate forms oxygen and solid potassium chloride in the presence of catalyst manganese(II) oxide

  5. Answers 1)NaHCO3(s) + HCℓ(aq)  NaCℓ(aq) + H2O (ℓ) + CO2(g) • S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g) 3) KCℓO3(s) MnOO2(g) + KCℓ(s)

  6. Balancing Equations -each side of the equation (reactants and products) must have the same # of each element -some may already be balanced -must be lowest whole # ratio -balance by putting coefficients in front of compounds

  7. Types of Chemical Reactions • Combination/Synthesis Reaction -two or more substances combine to form a single substance reactants- two elements or two compounds products- always a compound ex- 2K + Cℓ2 2KCℓ ex- SO2 + H2O  H2SO3

  8. Try these!! Don’t forget to balance!! • aluminum + oxygen 4Aℓ + 3O2 2Aℓ2O3 • copper + sulfur (two possible reactions) 2Cu + S  Cu2S or Cu + S  CuS • beryllium + oxygen 2Be + O2  2BeO • strontium + iodine Sr+ I2 SrI2 e) magnesium + nitrogen 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2

  9. Decomposition Reaction -one compound breaks down or decomposes into two simpler compounds -the reverse of synthesis ex- 2H2O  2H2 + O2 Try these!! a) lead(IV) oxide  b) hydrogen iodide  c) hydrogen bromide  d) sodium chloride 

  10. PbO2 Pb + O2 • 2HI  H2 + I2 • 2HBr  H2 + Br2 • 2NaCℓ  2Na + Cℓ2 • Single-Replacement Reactions -one element replaces a second element in a compound ex- 2K + CaO  K2O + Ca -whether one metal will replace another metal is determined by reactivity of the metal

  11. activity series of metals- lists metals in order of decreasing reactivity

  12. ex- Mg + Zn(NO3)2 *is Mg above Zn on the reactivity series? Mg + Zn(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 + Zn ex- Mg + Ag2SO4  Mg + Ag2SO4  MgSO4 + 2Ag ex- Mg + LiNO3  -lithium is above magnesium Mg + LiNO3  no reaction

  13. -Halogens can replace each other in single-replacement reactions -Reactivity decreases as you go down the halogen group Try These!! a) zinc + hydrogen sulfate  b) chlorine + sodium bromide  c) zinc + sodium nitrate  d) iron(II) + lead(II) nitrate  e) chlorine + sodium iodide 

  14. a) Zn + H2SO4 H2 + ZnSO4 b) Cℓ2 + 2NaBr  Br2 + 2NaCℓ c) Zn + NaNO3  no reaction d) Fe + Pb(NO3)2  Pb + Fe(NO3)2 e) Cℓ2 + 2NaI  I2 + 2NaCℓ

  15. Double-Replacement Reactions -involve an exchange of cations between two reacting compounds ex- BaCℓ2 + K2CO3 BaCO3 + 2KCℓ ex- FeS + 2HCℓ  H2S + FeCℓ2 Try These!! • sodium hydroxide + iron(III) nitrate  • barium nitrate + hydrogen phosphate  • potassium hydroxide+hydrogen phosphate  • hydrogen sulfate + aluminum hydroxide 

  16. Answers • 3NaOH + Fe(NO3) 3 3NaNO3 + Fe(OH)3 • 3Ba(NO3) 2 + 2H3PO 4Ba3(PO4) 2 + 6HNO3 • 3KOH + H3PO4  K3PO4 + 3H2O • 3H2SO4 + 2Aℓ(OH)3 Aℓ2(SO4)3 + 6H2O

  17. Combustion Reaction -hydrocarbon combined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water ex- C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O -to balance any combustion begin with 2 in front of CxHy 2C6H6 + 15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O *if all divisible by 2 then reduce

  18. Try These!! • C14H26 + O2 CO2 + H2O • C8H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O Answers! • 2C14H26 + 41O2 28CO2 + 26H2O • C8H12 + 11O2 8CO2 + 6H2O

  19. Summary of Reactions • Combination/Synthesis R + S  RS • Decomposition Reaction RS  R + S • Single-Replacement Reaction T + RS  R + TS • Double-Replacement Reaction RS + TU  RU + TS • Combustion Reaction CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

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