Regulatory Challenges During and Following a Major Safety or Security Event Muhammad Iqbal

1. Regulatory Challenges During and Following a Major Safety or Security Event Muhammad Iqbal Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Presentation at General Conference: Senior Regulators’ Meeting (Austria Centre Vienna, 22 September, 2011)

2. Layout Regulatory Challenges with respect to safety events at NPPs Regulatory Challenges with respect to security events at NPPs

3. Contents • Managing the safety event • Assessing the safety event and its evolution • Measures to prevent recurrence of safety events and implementation of enhancement provisions • Public confidence issues

4. Managing the Safety Event • Managing the safety event requires: • Emergency notification to regulatory body from licensee--- regulatory requirements • Activation of Emergency Control Centre • Dissemination of Emergency Notification to other National and International Authorities--- international instruments

5. Assessing and Evolution of the Event • Independent and online data Monitoring • Necessary Infrastructure • Technical Support Centre • Software for Calculation/Data Assessment • Plant Representative Simulator • Dedicated task force with diverse experience /Skilled Manpower

6. PNRA Efforts for Managing Nuclear / Radiological Event Emergency Notification by Licensee (Regulatory Requirements) Emergency Notification by PNRA regional office Emergency Notification to PNRA HQ Government Authorities IAEA

7. PNRA Efforts for Assessing the Events • The center is equipped with: • Radiation and environmental monitoring equipments • Mobile Radiological Monitoring Laboratories (MRML) • NRECC remain active on round the clock basis and has dedicated manpower • NRECC is manned with technical group (experts from radiation, waste, transport and nuclear safety departments) for evaluation of emergency situation alongwith related computer codes

8. Mechanism for Prevention of Recurrence of Safety Events • Mechanism includes: • Feed back of international / national safety events • Root cause analysis of events • Verification for implementation of corrective actions through inspections • Safety performance indicators to identify precursors for degradation • Enforcement actions against non compliance

9. National / International Feed back Mechanism IAEA Incident Reporting System IAEA Meetings National / International Feedback Mechanism Industrial Experience INES Licensee Operating Experience NERS Bilateral Agreement with other countries for sharing of information

10. Implementation of Corrective Actions • Determination of realistic corrective actions to avoid recurrence of safety events • Establishment of Corrective Action Program (CAP) • Ensure proper functioning and implementation of CAP through regulatory inspections Inspections Verification of implementation of corrective actions Review & Assessment

11. Role of Nuclear Regulatory Authority in Public Opinion • Works on behalf of the government for ensuring public safety • Not biased for promoting nuclear industry • Contact point for principal stakeholders (public, government, media and international organizations, etc.) in case of abnormal situation – Fukushima accident • Provides independent (from the industry), neutral, balanced and factual information to the public about any issue related to nuclear safety in the country and worldwide

12. Regulatory Challenges • Availability of Public Awareness Program • Development of systematic approach for public involvement in regulatory decision making • Management of frequent/periodic media briefing----- especially in normal circumstances • Public access to the documents related to NPPs (licensing submissions)

13. Regulatory Challenges (cont…) • Training to face media effectively • Difficulties in preparation of information that public could understand ---- Regulators have a fair level of technical expertise but not generally trained on public communication skill Use of technical language – difficult for the public to understand • Communication of independent (from the industry), neutral, balanced and factual information to the public about any issue related to nuclear safety in the country and worldwide

14. Part-2 Regulatory Challenges with respect to security events at NPPs

15. Establishment of National Nuclear Security Regime • Establishment of Nuclear Security Regime at national level consistent with international standards and in line with relevant national international obligations. • Establishment of organizational and legal infrastructure of national Physical Protection Regime

16. Challenges for State’s Nuclear Security Regime • Identification and Assessment of nuclear security threats, targets and potential consequences. • Use of risk-informed approaches • Detection of nuclear security events • Planning for, preparedness for, and response to a nuclear security event • Sustaining a nuclear security regime

17. Organizational and Legal Infrastructure of National Physical Protection Regime Establishment of PP Regime PP for Int’l Transport Threat Assessment Security Culture Graded Approach Defence in Depth Quality Assurance Contingency Plans Confidentiality

18. Organizational and Regulatory Infrastructure in Pakistan • State is ensuring its responsibilities: • Establishment of PP Regime through national laws and adherence to its international commitments • Pakistan is a party to CPPNM and is implementing its obligations for International Transport • The responsibilities have been identified & designated to different organizations for operation and regulation of PPS

19. Other Challenges • To imagine beyond the Design Basis accidents & incidents: • Identify the weak links • Standardize the systems to have a unified global PP systems • To reduce the differences between Safety and Security organizations • Adopting an integrated approach for safety and security during Siting, Design, Construction, Operation, Modifications, and emergency response. • Achieving the confidence of the industry