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What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington). Liquefaction, 1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan (Soil Liquefaction web site, U-Wash). Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco. Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco. Sand boil.
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What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington)
Liquefaction, 1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan (Soil Liquefaction web site, U-Wash)
Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco Sand boil
5 floors 1 floor
1985 Mexico City earthquake 10,000 deaths 50,000 injuries $5 billion damage Maximum Intensity IX 350 km away! MW≈ 8.0
Attenuation High frequency: treble Low frequency: bass
8-18 stories most damage 1-2 Hz vibrations Resonance Visuals Unlimited
Gap Gap filled by earthquake Seismic Gap Theory
Elastic Rebound Strain No strain built up, quakes unlikely
Elastic Rebound Strain Strain building up, quakes more and more likely
Elastic Rebound Strain Long time since last quake; quake likely
Elastic Rebound Strain Quake!Occurs as strain is released by rocks breaking
No strain in rocks, quakes unlikely Elastic Rebound Strain
Earthquakes in past 50 years Seismic Gap
San Andreas Fault segments have different quake probabilities Probability of quake USGS
Earthquakes triggering Earthquakes North Anatolian Fault, Turkey