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Gas Laws

Gas Laws. Kinetic Theory assumptions Gas particles do not attract or repel Small particles in constant random motion Elastic collisions All gases have the same kinetic energy at a given temperature. Boyle’s law.

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Gas Laws

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  1. Gas Laws • Kinetic Theory assumptions • Gas particles do not attract or repel • Small particles in constant random motion • Elastic collisions • All gases have the same kinetic energy at a given temperature

  2. Boyle’s law • The volume of a given amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with pressure • A sample of radon occupies .25 liters at .85 atm. What will be its volume at 25 KPa? • Do all problems on page 422

  3. Charles’ law • The volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature at constant pressure • A gas at 56 degrees C occupies a volume of 0.75 liters. At what Celsius temperature will the volume increase to 1.25 liters? • Do all problems on page 425

  4. Gay-Lussac’s law • The pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with the Kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant • P1T2 = T1P2

  5. A container holds 1.00 liter of gas at 556 torr when the temp is 25 degrees C. How much more pressure will the gas exert if the temp is raised to 45 degrees C? • Do page 427 9-13 • STP = 0.0 C and 1.00 atm

  6. Combined gas law • A gas at 115 KPa and 50. degrees C fills a 2.00 liter container. If the temperature is changed to 80. degrees C and the pressure is raised to 440 KPa, what is the new volume? • Do 19-23 on page 430

  7. Avogadro’s Principle • Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of particles • Molar volume – 1 mole of any gas at STP equals 22.4 liters • What volume will 5.0 grams of oxygen at STP occupy? • Do page 432 24 -28 and page 433 29-33

  8. Quiz Show all work1.00 mole of gas = 22.4 liters (STP) 1. How many moles of nitrogen gas will be contained in a 4.00 liter flask at STP? 2. Calculate the volume that 3.5 kg of ethylene gas, C2H4, will occupy at STP.

  9. Ideal Gas Law • derivation • PV = RnT • Ideal Gas Law Problems • Real gases vs. Ideal gases • Do page 437 41-45 • Solve for MM • Solve for density • Do page 438 46-50

  10. Gas Stoichiometry • Volume – volume relationships • What volume of hydrogen is needed to produce 45.0 liters of ammonia? How much nitrogen, in liters, would be required?

  11. What volume of oxygen would be needed to burn 23 ml of butane? Do page 441 56-59

  12. Volume - mass • How many grams of calcium carbonate must decompose in order to form 25 liters of carbon dioxide at STP?

  13. How many grams of calcium carbonate must decompose in order to form 25 liters of carbon dioxide at 25 degrees C and 145 kPa? Do page 443 60-64

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