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Knowing the Ocean World

Knowing the Ocean World. Marine Science. Marine geologist Physical Oceanographers Marine Biologists Marine Engineers Paleontologist Archeologists. Ocean World. What is the ocean? Size Area Mass Volume Depth Salinity Age. Ocean World. Temperature Salinity Topography

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Knowing the Ocean World

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  1. Knowing the Ocean World

  2. Marine Science Marine geologist Physical Oceanographers Marine Biologists Marine Engineers Paleontologist Archeologists

  3. Ocean World What is the ocean? • Size • Area • Mass • Volume • Depth • Salinity • Age

  4. Ocean World • Temperature • Salinity • Topography • Deepest point • Highest point (from sea floor) • Contours

  5. Nature of the Ocean How many oceans are there on the planet? • Water • Air

  6. The Greeks Pythagoras • Lived about 550 BC • Mathematician • Pythagorean Theorem • the world is round Eratosthenes • Lived about 200 BC • Astronomer, Philosopher, Poet • Library of Alexandria

  7. Eratosthenes``

  8. Latitude and Longitude

  9. The Coordinates Latitude • Parallel to the equator • Defined distance from one parallel to the next • Range from 0 to 90 degrees north and south • Significant parallels • Equator • Tropic of cancer • Tropic of Capricorn • Arctic circle • Antarctic circle • Measured in degrees of arc

  10. Degrees of Arc Each degree is divided into 60 minutes Each minute is divided into 60 seconds Hemispheres North South

  11. Coordinates Longitude • North to south • Meridians • Range from 0 to 180 • Usually numbered in 15 minute increments • Earth takes 24 hours to complete 360 degree rotation • Therefore 15 degrees equals one hour • Prime Meridian

  12. What’s Unique about Latitude and Longitude? Longitude • Run North to south • Prime meridian through Greenwich England • Meridians of Longitude 15 degrees part equal one hour • Lines are not parallel • Time can be used to determine position

  13. What's unique about latitude and longitude? Latitude • Lines are parallel • Distance can measured between parallels of latitude • Each degree equals 60 nautical mile • Each minute equal 1 nautical mile (each nautical mile equals 1.15 statue miles)

  14. Oceans Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Southern

  15. Tributaries Mediterranean Bering

  16. Marginal Seas

  17. Latitude and Longitude Convert Latitude / Longitude in Degrees/Minutes/Seconds to/from Decimal (FCC) USA

  18. The significance of time and distance to determine location north or south you must measure distance To determine location east or west you must measure time

  19. Measuring Distance

  20. Measuring Time • Throw the log • Chronometer • Modern electronics

  21. Library at Alexandria Library researchers invented: • Astronomical, geometric, and mathematical base for celestial navigation • Cartography flourished • Hipparchus and Ptolemy • The “great mistake”

  22. Alas the Library at Alexandria • Rise of the Roman Empire • Dark Ages – 1000 years • European Renaissance

  23. Exploration in the Dark Ages Polynesians Vikings Chinese

  24. European Enlightenment Prince Henry the Navigator Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan James Cook John Harrison

  25. Scientific Expeditions United States Exploring Expedition • USS Vincennes • Charles Wilkes • Four Year Voyage

  26. Matthew Maury Benjamin Franklin Tim Folger Charles Darwin/HMS Beagle Challenger Expedition Fridtjof Nansen RoaldAmundson

  27. Oceanographic Institutions

  28. How do scientists work? Scientific Method

  29. What do scientist do? Discover Invent Explain Solve Experiment Observe Hypothesize Measure

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