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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. The human body: An orientation. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology: (Section 1.1) . Anatomy - the study of structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another. ( identification of body parts )

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 The human body: An orientation

  2. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology: (Section 1.1) • Anatomy - the study of structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another. ( identification of body parts ) • Physiology – the study of how the body and its parts works or function.

  3. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology: (Section 1.1) • How are anatomy and physiology related? • The structure or shape (anatomy) determines the function (physiology) that can take place with each body part.

  4. Overview of Anatomy & Physiology: (Section 1.1) Levels of structural organization in the body (living things) ** from least to most complex • Atoms – • Molecules – • Compounds – • Cells – • Tissues – • Organs – • Organ systems – • Organism – mnemonic device need!!!

  5. Organ System Overview: • 11 Main Organ Systems in the body • Integumentary System • Skeletal System • Muscular System • Nervous System • Endocrine System • Cardiovascular System • Lymphatic System • Respiratory System • Digestive System • Urinary (Excretory) System • Reproductive System (male/female)

  6. Maintaining Life: • Characteristics of life/living things ( necessary life functions) • 1. maintain boundaries 5. reproduce • 2. movement (use of energy) 6. digestion • 3. respond to environment 7. excretion • 4. grow 8. metabolism

  7. Maintaining Life: • Requirements for an organism to stay alive ( survival needs ) • take in nutrients • use of oxygen • use of water • maintain appropriate body temperature ( 37 C or 98 F ) • maintain appropriate atmospheric pressure ( 1 atm or 760 mmHg )

  8. Anatomical Terms: (Section 1.2 – 1.3) Regional terms – the specific scientific name given to parts of the body. • knee ------ patella • arm ---- brachial • head ----- cephalic

  9. Anatomical Terms: (Section 1.2 – 1.3) • Directional terms – terms used to describe the location of one body partin relation to another. • anterior --- “ventral” --- toward the front of body, • posterior ---“dorsal”--- toward the back of the body

  10. Anatomical Terms: (Section 1.2 – 1.3) Anatomical Position --- the body is standing erect (straight), with faceforward, arms at the sides, palms of hands and toes/feet are forward.

  11. Body Cavities and Planes: • There are two main categories of body cavities: • Dorsal Cavity • Cranial - Brain, • Spinal – Spinal cord

  12. Body Cavities and Planes: • There are two main categories of body cavities: • Ventral Cavity • Thoracic – Chest Cavity • Abdominal – stomach area • Pleural – Lungs area • Pelvic – hip and genital • Abdominopelvic – stomach with pelvic areas combined

  13. Body Planes & Sections: • There are 3 main types of planes and sections (cuts) in the human body. A plane is an imaginary flat surface passing through the body.

  14. Body Planes & Sections: • Sagittal(median) Plane --- lengthwise ( vertical/ up & down) section, which divides the body into a left and right sides. • **Midsagittal plane --- divides the body equally into left & right sides.

  15. Body Planes & Sections: • Coronal (frontal) Plane --- also extends lengthwise, but is perpendicular to asagittalplane; it divides the body into an anterior (front) and posterior (back).

  16. Body Planes & Sections: • Transverse (cross-sectional) --- it is a horizontal (across) cut, which divides the body into a superior (top) and inferior (bottom) section.

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