Warm-Up: Take everything off of your desk except your index cards .

1. Warm-Up: Take everything off of your desk except your index cards. If you don’t have index cards, take out 2 clean sheets of paper.

2. Plot: A series of related events • Setting: where and when the story takes place • Conflict: the problem in the story • Rising action: the major events in the story • Climax: the turning point of the story • Falling Action: the end of the central conflict, when the action starts to wind down • Resolution: when all the loose ends of the story are tied up and the conflict is solved.

3. External Conflict: character struggles with an outside force • Character vs. character • Character vs. nature • Character vs. technology • Character vs. society

4. Internal Conflict: character struggles with his/her own emotions • Making a decision about something • Guilt about a past decision

5. Point of View: whose perspective the story is told from • First person: narrator is a character in the story • Uses personal pronouns (I, me, we, us) • Third person: narrator is not a character in the story • Third Person limited: the narrator knows the thoughts of only one character • Third Person omniscient: the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of ALL characters

6. Characterization: how an author gives you information about a character • Indirect Characterization: • What a character says • What a character does • What others say about the character • The character’s appearance • Direct Characterization: • The author tells you point blank what a character is like

7. Character Terms • Protagonist: the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work • Antagonist: the character who opposes or struggles with the leading character (protagonist) • Static character: a character who does not change during the course of the story Static=Stays the Same • Dynamic character: a character who undergoes a major change during the story • Motivation: what drives a character to do what they do • Trait: characteristics about the character

8. How does an author keep you engaged in the story? • Foreshadowing • Occurs when the author gives you hints about what is to come in the story • Suspense: a feeling of growing tension or excitement—what might happen next?

9. Symbolism: the use of something specific to stand for something else, esp. an idea • Dove is the universal symbol of peace—the dove can be seen, while peace can not • How could an author use symbolism to express an idea in the story? • Irony: the contrast between what is expected and what actually happens or exists. • Used to add unexpected twists to the story • More than just a coincidence

10. Allusion • A reference in a literary work to a person, place, or thing in history or another work of literature. Allusions are often indirect or brief references to well-known characters or events • “The couple danced as though they were Romeo and Juliet” • “Should we build an ark?” John asked, after it rained for 5 days straight.

11. Theme • The moral or idea that the author wants you to take away from the story. • Theme must be universal (able to be applied to more than one story), and must be a statement. • Examples: Love conquers all. You should hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

12. Tone: the writer’s attitude or feeling toward the subject • Tone can often be determined by point-of-view • Mood: the feeling or atmosphere of the story • Created by the use of description, characterization, setting, etc.