Cross Sectional Anatomy

1. Cross Sectional Anatomy Chris Kowtko, MSRS, R.T. (R)(M)

4. ABDOMEN • Musculo-Skeletal System • Psoas muscle • Crura of Diaphragm • Vertebra • Ilium • Pubic • Ribs

5. ABDOMEN • Digestive system • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large intestine • Accessory organs • Liver & gall bladder • Bile ducts • Pancreas

6. Esophagus • Anterior to vertebral bodies; aorta • Posterior & medial to stomach • Stomach • Fundus-superior to EG junction; very posterior • Body-more anterior than fundus • Pylorus-retroperitoneal & medial

7. Small Intestine • Duodenum-retroperitoneal • Jejunum-anterior midabdomen • Ileum-anterior in pelvis • Large intestine • Cecum-retroperitoneal • Ascending colon-retroperitoneal • Hepatic flexure-posterior • Transverse colon-most anterior • Splenic flexure-most superior

8. Descending colon-retroperitoneal • Sigmoid colon-anterior • Rectum-retroperitoneal

9. Accessory Organs • Liver • Right lobe • Left lobe • Quadrate lobe • Caudate lobe • Falciform ligament • Ligamentum venosum

10. Gall bladder • Pancreas • Head • Tail • Body

11. Lymphatic System • Spleen • LUQ • Posterior to stomach

12. Endocrine System • Adrenal Glands • Retroperitoneal • Superior poles of kidneys

13. Urinary System • Kidneys • Ureters • Urinary Bladder • Urethra

14. Kidneys Retroperitoneal Cortex-doughnut Rt-post. to liver Lt-post. to stomach, pancreas, spleen

15. Ureters • Retroperitoneal • Ant. to IIA & IIV; Post. to EIA & EIV • Urinary Bladder • Post. to symphysis • Urethra

16. Arterial Phase Venous Phase Hepatic-Portal system Veins larger in diameter Upper abd-Veins anterior to arteries Lower abd/Pelvis-arteries anterior to veins Vascular System

17. ABDOMEN • Abdominal Aorta • Fairly midline • Celiac Trunk • Branches: • Left Gastric • Splenic artery • Hepatic artery

18. Superior Mesenteric Artery • Just below Celiac • Same level as Lt renal vein entering IVC

19. Renal Arteries • Inferior to SMA • Rt-longer • Lt-superior to Rt

20. Common Iliac Arteries • Bifurcation of Aorta • Level of L4 • Superior to formation of IVC

21. Internal iliac arteries • Posterior to external • External iliac arteries • IIA posterior to EIA

22. ABDOMEN • Venous Phase • Inferior vena cava • Renal v. • Common iliac v. • Internal iliac v. • External iliac v. • Hepatic-Portal System • Hepatic v. • Portal v. • Splenic v. • Superior mesentaric v. • Inferior mesentaric v.

23. Internal & External Iliac veins • Common Iliac veins

24. Inferior Vena Cava • Ascends on Rt side of Aorta • Largest vein • Retroperitoneal

25. Renal veins • Lateral aspects of IVC • Lt-longer; Anterior to aorta

26. Hepatic veins • Drain into IVC • Superior to Portal vein • Most superior of liver vessels

27. Hepatic Portal System • Porta Hepatis • Portal vein: • IMV • SMV • Splenic vein

28. CHEST • Cardiovascular System • Heart • Great vessels • Aorta • Superior vena cava • Inferior vena cava • Pulmonary artery • Pulmonary vein • Respiratory System • Trachea • Primary bronchii • R & L lung

29. Respiratory System • Trachea • Primary bronchii • R & L lung

30. Heart • 4 chambers • Right atrium • Right ventricle • Left atrium • Left ventricle

31. Right Atrium • most superior • Right Ventricle • most anterior • Left Atrium • most posterior • Left ventricle • most inferior

32. Arterial Phase • Aortic arch • Brachiocephalic a. • R Common carotid a. • R Subclavian a. • L Common carotid a. • L Subclavian a.

33. Aortic Arch • Ascending Aorta • Descending Aorta

34. Venous Phase • Superior vena cava • R & L Brachiocephalic v.

35. Superior Vena Cava

36. Pulmonary Phase • Pulmonary trunk/artery • R & L Pulmonary Arteries

37. Pulmonary veins • 2 from Right • 2 from Left