APTA Annual Meeting EXPO 2005

1. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 1 APTA Annual Meeting & EXPO 2005 800 MHz Re-Banding and Other Spectrum Issues Affecting Transit Gary Pruitt ARINC

2. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 2 Topics Expanding need for transit spectrum 800 MHz interference issues 800 MHz re-banding Other spectrum challenges and opportunities Need for spectrum for Radio Based Signaling

3. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 3 Expanding Need for Transit Spectrum Operations and Maintenance Wireless CCTV and other security data systems Voice security systems Radio Based Signaling Automatic Vehicle Location General GPS tracking

4. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 4 Expanding Need for Transit Spectrum Wireless LANs and point-point systems for specialized applications Downloading diagnostic and health data from vehicles Uploading passenger information system data Signal Priority Control Others

5. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 5 Transit Spectrum Challenges Interference in 800 MHz band from cellular carriers Rapid usage increase and interference potential in unlicensed bands Wireless CCTV and other security systems require large bandwidth No spectrum allocated for Radio Based Signaling General increase in wireless systems and applications

6. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 6 800 MHz Re-BandingThe Problem Public Safety frequencies are interspersed with cellular carriers 25 KHz to 10 MHz Carriers Signals from a near cellular carrier overcome signals from a distant Public Safety System Interference mechanisms Out-of-Band Emissions Receiver Intermodulation Receiver Overload Transmitter Intermodulation Widespread reports of interference to Public Safety systems

7. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 7 800 MHz Interference Solutions Create guard band Boost public safety signal Better receiver bandpass filters in receiver front-end Tuning of cellular site to eliminate intermodulation products Install antennas with downward radiation pattern to suppress interfering sidelobes Only effective for high sites Switchable attenuator Automatically inserts attenuator in presence of strong desirable signal

8. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 8 800 MHz Re-Banding

9. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 9 800 Re-Banding Impact Dictated by FCC Report & Order FCC 04-168 36 Months from November 22, 2004 to Complete Determine scope of task Number of radios Resource requirements Perform cost/benefit analyses Replace versus upgrade Re-design Re-tune

10. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 10 800 MHz Re-Banding Impacts Engineering decisions Hardware replacement Coverage and interference analysis Licensing changes Implementation Internal staff vs. outside engineering vs. turn-key Hardware Acquisition Radio programming Training Support

11. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 11 Other Spectrum Issues 700 MHz Spectrum Opportunity Currently allocated to UHF TV, Channels 51 through 69 Suitable for transit voice and data applications Could be used for wideband applications Proposals to release spectrum by 2007, without necessarily meeting 85% goal of digital-ready TV sales penetration Emphasis on public safety applications, especially first responders

12. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 12 Other Spectrum Issues VHF and UHF Narrow-banding Industry must start planning and implementation now Deadline for conversion January 1, 2013 No waivers 1 voice channel per 12.5 KHz bandwidth 4800 bps data per 6.25 KHz bandwidth Possible loss of volume with wideband receiver and narrowband signal Distortion with narrowband receiver and wideband signal Other possible issues with decreased range and near/far adjacent channel interference

13. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 13 Radio Based SignalingSpectrum Challenge Radio Based Signaling can be inductive, RF radiating, leaky coax, slotted microwave Most new US installations are RF radiating Preferred spectrum is 2-7 GHz for tunnels No suitable dedicated spectrum Need interference protection FCC process is long and expensive Purchasing spectrum is VERY expensive

14. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 14 Summary Transit requirements for RF spectrum are increasing 800 MHz re-banding requires changes to infrastructure VHF and UHF re-farming requires changes to infrastructure Getting new spectrum is time consuming and expensive Must start planning, designing, and procurement activities now

15. Public Transportation: Getting Down to Business 15 Resources www.800mhzrebanding.com wireless.fcc.gov/publicsafety/800MHz/bandreconfiguration www.arinc.com/rebanding www.apcointl.org/frequency/documents/NarrowbandOrder.html Enter “800 mhz rebanding” or similar search criteria into Google