Unit 4

1. Unit 4

2. Language Structure Practice • Can • ① express “ability”= be able to; be capable of; know how to • e.g. She can speak English, but can’t write it well. • ② “permission”= be allowed to (less fml than may) • e.g. Can I smoke here? • ③ “theoretical possibility”(contrast “may” factual possibility) • The road can be blocked. • ④ express “surprise, doubt” when it used in negative, question or exclamation sentence. • This can’t be true. • Where can she be? 她会在哪里呢？ • May • ① permission = be allowed to (more fml than can) • May I use your pen?

3. Yes, please. /go ahead / sure/ certainly/ of course No, you mustn’t./please don’t. / sorry, …. ② factual possibility The road may be blocked The negative form of “may” is “must not”(不应该，不许可），“may not”表示“可能不”

4. Dialogue 1 Procedures A Listening to the recording B Questions • What is the most important point in taking dictation? • What are the steps in taking dictation? • How do you take your dictation? C Retelling Sample outline • A doesn’t know hot to take dictation and asks B for advice. • B tells A the correct way of taking dictation: _ understand the dictation passage at the first reading. _ remember the idea in each sentence, then the words will come easily • A thanks B and is going to try the new way next time.

5. D. Language point 1. be sick of be annoyed by; be tired of • I’m sick of being blamed for everything that goes wrong. • 我讨厌透了你的抱怨, 给我安静! • 我厌烦了这糟糕的下雨天. • be sick at sth. 对某事感到不愉快,难过, 感到遗憾 2. take it easy don’t worry, relax 3. get on one’s nerves worry or annoy 使…紧张; 使…烦 • e.g. That noise gets on my nerves. • 她的刺耳的(strident)笑声使我很烦. 4. end up (with) finish (with) 结束, 以…结束 • The politician finally ended up his speech. • The efforts of both sides ended up with signing a contract. • end up 还可以表示到达某地或到了怎样的地步 end up doing sth

6. If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison. • He ended up as the head of the company. • He ended up poor when he died. • His company ended up in failure/ debt. 5. take down write down, put down • 拿下, 取下; 拆开, 卸下 6. have trouble (in) doing have difficulty in doing sth • 我在写作上有困难. • 那个老太太无法将那么重的包拿上楼. • take the trouble to do sth 费力, 尽力做某事 7. make sense of find a meaning in it, understand e.g. Can you make sense of the poem? 主语是sb. 我一点也弄不明他说了什么. 我们能够理解这幅画的意思.

7. make sense 有道理, 有意义 主语是sth. His writing makes no sense. 8. take advantage of make use of, use it profitably for one’s own benefit, avail oneself of • He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. • Take advantage of this week’s lower prices. He took advantage of my kindness. • Several railroad companies are taking advantage of the nostalgia for train travel. 9. on one’s way to being engaged in going or coming e.g. He is on the way to success. 10. Isolate keep separate from others e.g. Several villages in the north have been isolated by heavy snowfalls. Political influence is being used to shape public opinion and isolate critics.

8. 11. focus on concentrate on focus one’s attention on • Today the sales department is focusing on winning more market shares. • 这次会议的重点是制定下个月的销售计划。 12. individual • ① single, separate, sole (esp. after each) • Individual efforts are extremely helpful in fighting against disease. • ② different, particular, peculiar • The writer has formed a individual writing style over these years. • individual n. individuality n. individualism n. individualist n. individually adv. individualize v.

9. 13. count v. have value, force, influence, or importance It is not what you say but what you do that counts. She ‘s the only person that really counts around here. 表示“重要”的时候，是不及物动词，常用“What counts is…”or “It is …that counts” • countable adj. countless adj. counter n. count on /upon to depend on 指望 count sb in 把某人计算在内 count sb out 不把某人计算在内 14. on the contrary opposite You have nothing to do now, on the contrary, I have piles of work. be contrary to The result is contrary to expectation. 15. come to 使…想起 sth come to sb / It come to sb that

10. Reading 1 Procedures A Fast reading & WB p32 choice BQuestions 1. How important is energy to us? 2. In what way does solar energy help us? 3. Where does most of energy on earth come from? 4. How can water energy be used? 5. What can the power of winds do? 6. How are coal and oil used? 7. Why are people trying to find new sources of energy? 8. Can you name some of the new sources of energy that have been found? C. Language points

11. 1. convert v. change, transform (后多接介词to and into) e.g. Coal can be converted to gas. His sofa converts into a bed. to convert pounds into dollars conversion n. convertible adj. convert, alter, modify 这三个词一般都只表示事物的外表及用途功能方面所发生的次要变 化，而不指本质上所发生的巨大变化。就变化程度而言，alter 最弱， convert 稍强，modify 最强。就语体而言，alter 最普通，modify 则比较正式。 Alter 常用于修改衣服的尺寸，或房屋的修缮等方面。总的来讲， 这个词指某一方面，如形式上或某一局部细节方面的改变，而不影 响事物的本质或总的结构。 e.g. She altered the mistake on the price-tag. She dressmaker altered the hemline of the skirt. Convert 常指改变某一局部，或增加一个附属部件，从而加强事 物的功能或改变其用途。多指形式和功能上的改变，转变 .

12. e.g. To convert the sofa into a bed. Convert 也可来表示性质、种类的重大改变。 e.g. People convent iron into steel. Modify 可指对计划，路线的修改 e.g. These plans must be modified if they are to be used successfully. Modify 还可指缓和，减轻事态的严重程度。 e.g. To modify one’s tone 缓和语气 To modify one’s demand 降低要求 用于具体事物时，modify 指功能上而不是外表上的改变。 Transform 指大的变革，性质上的变化，可以指社会制度，思想观 念，抽象事物的变革，也可以指具体的事物，如外形和功能。 e.g. To transform the nature, to transform one’s world outlook.

13. 2. in …form ( in the form of) • He expressed his thoughts in the form of music. 3. in addition相当于连接副词besides, furthermore, what’s more , in addition to 介词结构 4. use up consume sth until no more is left • He has used up all his strength. • Try not to use up all the flour 5. Electric, electrical, • Electric means that producing electricity, used in the conveying electricity 指物体本身具有用电、导电、生电的能力，而且电是物体的主要部分。Electric fan, cable, automabile • Electrical 也表示“用电的”， 但多数表示的是与电有关的，本身并不一定直接通电， electrical engineer, engineering

14. 6. need for sth/ need for sb to do sth • There is a great need for a new book • There is no need for you to start yet. Needs 必需品 • promising a. 1) Likely to do well, full of promise 有出息的，有前途的 a promising young pianist • Indicating future success or good results, hopeful 大有可为的，有希望的 (通常是形容事物或事情） It is a promising sign. The result of the experiment is promising.

15. Period 5, 6 • 1. Reading II • 1)questions TB WB • 2)language points

16. 1. be tied to: be connected with, be related to, be linked with • be closely tied to 与…紧密联系 • tie sth/sb to sth/sb 2. provide v. supply; give • provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth • e.g. They provided food and clothes for the sufferers. = They provided the sufferers with food and clothes. • The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for its residents. • These letters should provide us with all the information we need. • * provided conj. = provided that =providing (that) or only if • e.g. I don’t mind his coming with us, provided (that) he pays for his own meals. • Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. / Only if there is no opposition, shall we hold …. • supply v. provide

17. supply sb with sth / supply sth to sb • e.g. The government supplies free books to schools. • An informer supplied the police with the names of those involved in the crime offer v. hold out, put forward, give • e.g. The police are offering a big reward for any information about the murder. • I’ve been offered a job in Japan. • Please offer some coffee to the guests. • We offer him the house for $5,000. • e.g. an offer of assistance / help • He made a generous offer for the house.

18. survive v.* continue to live or exist • e.g. Only one baby survived the terrible car crash. • These plants can’t survive in very cold conditions. • * live or exist longer than • His wife survived him by two years. • enable v. make able • e.g. The coffee enables me to keep awake. The microscope enables small objects to be observed. • The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. • 2. Guided writing • note of invitation