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Bacteria

Bacteria. Dated back about 3.5 billion years ago. Bacterial Characteristics. All prokaryotic Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Average size - 1um -500um. Kingdom Archaebacteria. Kingdom Eubacteria. Phylum Cyanobacteria - (blue-green algae) photosynthetic

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Bacteria

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  1. Bacteria Dated back about 3.5 billion years ago

  2. Bacterial Characteristics • All prokaryotic • Autotrophic or Heterotrophic • Average size- 1um -500um

  3. Kingdom Archaebacteria

  4. Kingdom Eubacteria • Phylum Cyanobacteria - (blue-green algae) photosynthetic • Phylum Spirochetes - Gram negative, spiral bacteria, heterotrophic, move by a corkscrew rotation (Ex.) syphilis • Phylum Proteobacteria - Largest group, Enteric bacteria, chemoautotrophs, nitrogen-fixing bacteria. • Phylum Gram + bacteria- Have a thick layer of peptidoglycan.

  5. Bacterial Shapes • Cocci - round • Bacilli - rod • Spirilli - spiral Prefixes: • Staphylo-form clusters • Strepto - form chains

  6. Bacterial Structure • DNA (plasmid) • Cell Membrane • Cell Wall (peptidoglycan) • Glycocalyx - attachment (sticky) • Endospore - tough envelope • Capsule - protection • Pili - attachment

  7. Bacterial Nutrition • Heterotrophic - feed on dead, decaying organic matter, called saprophytes. • Photoautotrophs - use sunlight as a source of energy. • Chemoautotrophs - use chemical reactions as a source of energy.

  8. Bacterial Respiration • Obligate Anaerobes - cannot live in the presence of oxygen. • Facultative Anaerobes - can live with or without oxygen. • Obligate Aerobes - cannot live in the absence of oxygen.

  9. Bacterial Reproduction • Rapid reproduction • Heat, cold, predators, & lack of food inhibit reproduction. Methods: • Binary fission - asexual • Conjugation - sexual

  10. Production of Toxins • Pathogen - any organism that causes a disease. • Toxin - Poisonous substances that disrupt the metabolism of the infected organism. • Endotoxin - found in the cell wall • Exotoxin - secreted into areas around bacteria.

  11. Antibiotics • Inhibit growth of some bacteria. • Disadvantages: • Destroy useful bacteria as well. • Resistance of bacteria.

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